C2: Microscope Flashcards
Some of the very first magnifiers used ______
water
____are made of curved, clear pieces of glass, or plastic called ___
Magnifiers; lenses
All light rays passing through the lens bend toward a point called the .
focus
(date& 2 persons)from Holland have developed the compound microscope. They were just ordinary lens makers.
1590 – Johannes and Zacharias Janssen (father and son)
(date & person) – Italian astronomer develop the microscope and telescope
1624 Galileo Galilei
(date)– A German mathematician Kircher made a microscope in which he saw “small worms” when he studies plaque.
1656
(date & person)– an Italian physician was the first to use microscope in his anatomical studies. His device showed that trachea (windpipe) leads to two bronchi. This, however, was not recognized until after 200 years.
1661 Marcelo Malphigi
(date & person)– a Dutch merchant and microscopist devised a microscope with a magnification of ___.
1674 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
200-300X
most common type of microscope
Compound Microscope
t can also be referred to as a biological or research microscope.
Compound Microscope
The compound microscope is what many refer to as a_______ microscope.
high power
The magnification (power) in Compound microscope can have a range from about ________ and some can go up to ______. Much serious work of a compound microscope is done at ______
40x to 1000x; 1500x or 2000x; 400x to 500x.
____refers to the fact that in order to enlarge an image, a single light path passes through a series of lenses in a line where each lens magnifies the image over the previous one.
Compound
The lens found in top where you look through. Usually have 10x, 12x, or 15x magnification power
Eyepiece
Connects the eyepiece lens to the objective lens
Tube
Supports the tube and connects it to the base. It used along with the base in carrying a microscope
Arm
The bottom of the microscope. Used to support the entire microscope
Base
A steady light source used in place a mirror
Illuminator
A flat platform where you place the slide. Stage Clips holds the slide in place
Stage
The parts that holds two or more objectives. It can be rotate to change the magnification easily.
Revolving Nosepiece or Turret
This is an adjustment that determines how close the objective lens can get to the slide. It is set at the factory and keeps students from cranking the high power objective lens down into the slide and breaking
things.
Rack Stop
This is used to focus the microscope. It is always used first, and it is used only with the low
power objective.
Coarse Adjustment Knob
This is used to focus the microscope. It is used with the highpower objective to bring the
specimen into better focus.
Fine Adjustment Knob
are the second most common type of microscope
Stereo microscopes
They can also be referred to as dissecting, dissection, or inspection microscopes.
stereo microscope
The stereo microscope is what many refer to as a ________ microscope.
low power
Magnification (power) of Stereo microscope can have a range from about ______with magnification in the ____ the most popular.
10x to 80x ; 10x to 40x
in the category of low power microscopes is the single light path (like a compound microscope) type usually referred to as a _______.
dissecting microscope
, a German engineer and academic professor, built the first Electron Microscope in 1931
Ernst Ruska (1906-1988)
It is a special type of microscope having a high resolution of images, able to magnify objects in nanometres, which are formed by controlled use of electrons in vacuum captured on a phosphorescent screen
electron microscope
The ______________ is used to view thin specimens through which electrons can pass generating a projection image.
transmission electron microscope
It is termed a _________ because the image is formed by scanning a focused electron beam onto the surface of the specimen in a raster pattern
scanning electron microscope
TEM is analogous to _____ whereas, SEM is analogous to _____
Compound microscope
Stereo microscope
– This is a microscope that uses the differences in the phase of light transmitted or reflected by a specimen to form distinct, contrasting images of different parts of the specimen.
Phase Contrast
Unlike stereo and compound microscopes, which use regular light for image formation, the _____ uses a laser light to scan samples that have been dyed.
confocal microscope
these microscopes offer a high degree of magnification, but their resolution is much better; they are commonly used in cell biology and medical applications.
confocal microscope
– A microscope in which the object viewed is illuminated by polarized light for typically analyzing the content and make-up of organic or inorganic material like crystals, chemical microscopy, and optical mineralogy.
Polarizing
– A microscope that is used for identification, inspection, and analysis of different metals and alloys.
Metallurgical
use new technology for a miniature camera and illuminator in one unit.
Handheld Digital Microscopes
How to determine magnification ?
the magnification of a microscope is determined by multiplying the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective lens being used.
the _______ is the diameter of the circle of light that you see when looking into a microscope and it is measured in millimeters
field of view
The ________ have the widest field of view. As you increase power, the field of view gets _____.
lowest powers; smaller
how much __ is a function of the objective lenses and means the farthest and nearest points in the field of view are in simultaneous sharp focus.
depth of field
– means the farthest and nearest points in the film plane (photomicrography) or the CCD plane (video microphotography) which are simultaneously in focus.
Depth of Focus
– a quality describing the appearance of the field of view as being flat from edge-to-edge
Flatness of Field
-how light or dark the image is
- is related to the illumination system. It is also related to the N.A. of the objective lens where the larger the N.A., the _____ the image at that power.
Brightness; brighter
– is the ratio of light and dark parts of a specimen or object and how well they are defined and the main part of the microscope that affects this is the illumination system.
Contrast
– this is a condition in which all optical elements are centered on the same axis.
Collimation (Alignment)
