C2- classification and development of motor skills

Question 1

muscular involvement continuum GROSS

Answer 1

involves large muscle movements. They are not very precise and require more movement
eg. long jump

Question 2

muscular involvement continuum FINE

Answer 2

involves intricate movements using small muscle groups. The movement is precise and requires great control
eg. archery

Question 3

environmental influence continuum OPEN

Answer 3

affected by environmental. involve a lot of decision making and need to be adapted to fit the environment
eg. passing in football

Question 4

environmental influence continuum CLOSED

Answer 4

not affected by environment. They are determined by all players individually with a set routine- don’t have to be adapted
eg. gymnastics routine

Question 5

pacing continuum EXTERNALLY PACED

Answer 5

environment determine when the skill starts and the rate at which it is performed
eg. start in 100m

Question 6

pacing continuum SELF PACED

Answer 6

performer decides when the skill starts and the rate at which it is performed
eg. serve in tennis

Question 7

difficulty continuum SIMPLE

Answer 7

low perceptual load and little judgements to make. it’s technically easy
eg. sprinting

Question 8

difficulty continuum COMPLEX

Answer 8

requires a lot of decisions and has a high perceptual load. it’s technically difficult to perform
eg. handspring

Question 9

organisational continuum LOW

Answer 9

low in organisation. sun routines can easily be separated and practiced in separate parts
eg. swimming

Question 10

organisational continuum HIGH

Answer 10

sun routines are closely linked and difficult to seperate
eg. golf swing

Question 11

continuity DISCRETE

Answer 11

clear beginning and end. it’s single and specific, and can be repeated from the beginning
eg. gymnastics routine

Question 12

continuity SERIAL

Answer 12

several discrete elements that are performed together in a pattern
eg. triple jump

Question 13

continuity CONTINUOUS

Answer 13

do not have a clear beginning and end. repetitive and ongoing
eg. long distance running

Question 14

pro active

Answer 14

when the previously learned skill effects the skill currently being learned

Question 15

retro active

Answer 15

when the skill currently being learned effects a previously leaned skill

Question 16

positive transfer

Answer 16

when the learning of one skill helps the learning of another

Question 17

negative

Answer 17

when the leaning of one skull hinders the learning of another

Question 18

bilateral

Answer 18

when the learning of a skill on one side of the body contributes the meaning of the same skill but on the other side of the body (limb to limb)

Question 19

strategies to optimise positive transfer

Answer 19

•make learner aware of transferable elements of the skill
•clear concise demos
•positive reinforcement will strengthen SR bond
•ensure previously learned skills are well learned

Question 20

strategies to avoid negative transfer

Answer 20

•ensure performer knows differences between skills
•don’t introduce too many new movements at once
• avoid teaching skills together that are similar
•make practice sessions similar to game situation

Question 21

methods of practice MASSED

Answer 21

•practice with no rest intervals
•good for discrete skills
•simulates fatigue

Question 22

methods of practice DISTRIBUTED

Answer 22

•practice with rest intervals
•low motivation and fitness levels
•breaks improve motivation

Question 23

methods of practice FIXED

Answer 23

•predictable stable environment
•closed skills that need to be overlearned
•for events in unchanging environments

Question 24

methods of practice VARIABLE

Answer 24

•skill is practiced in many environments
•practice conditions must be realistic
• creates SCHEMA

Question 25

types of practice WHOLE

Answer 25

•skill practiced without any breakdown of subroutines (in entirety)
•high organisational
•A= good for experts
•D= can be dangerous

Question 26

types of practice PART

Answer 26

•skill is broken down into subroutines and a particular part is practiced
•low organisational
•A= good for cognitive SOL
•D= takes a long time

Question 27

types of practice WHOLE-PART-WHOLE

Answer 27

• skill is practiced without any breaks, then a skill in isolation, then all together again
•complex
•A= kinaesthetic awareness
•D= can be dangerous

Question 28

types of practice PART PROGRESSIVE

Answer 28

•each subroutine is seen as the links in the chain (chaining)
• serial
•A= kinaesthetic awareness of links between movements
•D= takes a long time