C2- Bonding, Strucutre And Properties Of Matter

Question 1

Ions

Answer 1

Charged particles- can be a single or group of atoms

Question 2

Why do ions form

Answer 2

To get a full outer shell to become stable, non metal gain electrons and metals lose elctrons

Question 3

Ionic bonding

Answer 3

When a metal and a non-metal react together they form positive (metal) or negative (non-metal) charged ions. These opposite charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic forces. This attraction is ionic bonding.

Question 4

What is an Ionic compounds

Answer 4

Have a structure called giant ionic lattice. They have a closely packed regular lattice and there are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between between oppositely charged ions

Question 5

Ionic compound properties

Answer 5

High melting and boiling points do it takes lots of energy to overcome this attraction, cannot conduct electricty when solid but when melted ions are free to move and they will carry electric charge

Question 6

Covalent bonding

Answer 6

When non- metals bond together, Sharing electrons in the atom’s outer shell, each covalent bond provides one extra shared electron for each atom

Question 7

What are simple molecular structures made up of

Answer 7

Made up of molecules containing a few atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 8

Properties of simple molecular substances

Answer 8

Atoms within molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds but the forces of attraction between molecules are weak making boiling and melting point low, do not conduct electricity

Question 9

Polymers

Answer 9

Lots of small units linked together to form long molecule joined together by strong covalent bonds.

Question 10

Properties of polymers

Answer 10

Intermolecular forces between polymers are larger than simple covalent molecules so more energy is needed to break them. Intermolecular forces are still weaker than ionic and covalent bonds so they generally have lower boiling points than ionic and giant molecular compounds

Question 11

Giant covalent structures

Answer 11

Atoms bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds.

Question 12

Properties of giant covalent structures

Answer 12

Very high melting and boiling points, don’t conduct electricity

Question 13

Graphite

Answer 13

Each carbon atom contains three covalent bonds, no covalent bonds between layers so held together weakly making graphite soft and slippery, high melting point

Question 14

Why does graphite conduct electricity

Answer 14

Only three out of each carbon used, 3 out electrons are used in bonds so each carbon atom has one delocalised electron so graphite conductd electricity and thermal energy

Question 15

Diamond

Answer 15

Made up of carbon atoms that each form four covalent bonds making it hard, high melting point, doesn’t conduct electricity

Question 16

Graphene

Answer 16

One layer of graphite, network of covalent bonds makes it strong. Incredibly light, contains delocalised electron so can conduct electicity through whole structure

Question 17

Fullerenes

Answer 17

Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes , mainly made up of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons. Can cage molecules so can be used in drug delivery, huge surface area

Question 18

Metallic bonding

Answer 18

Involves delocalised electrons, strong forces of electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and the shared negative elements

Question 19

Metallic bonding properites

Answer 19

High melting and boling points, good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable

Question 20

States of matter

Answer 20

Solid, liquid and gas

Question 21

Melting

Answer 21

Solid- liquid, particles gain more energy making them vibrate more weakening forces holding solid together

Question 22

Boiling

Answer 22

Liquid-gas, when a liquid is heated particles gain more energy which weakens and breaks bonds

Question 23

Condensing

Answer 23

Gas-liquid, as gas cools particled no longer have energy to overcome the forced of attraction between them and bonds form between particles

Question 24

Freezing

Answer 24

Liquid-solid, liquid cools, particles have less energy move around less some more bonds form between them making a solid