C2-Bonding Structure and the Properties of Matter KW

Question 1

Coarse particles

Answer 1

Coarse particles have diameters between 1 x 10^-5m and 2.5 x 10^-6 m. They are often referred to as dust.

Question 2

Conductor

Answer 2

A material which contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy

Question 3

Covalent bond

Answer 3

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.

Question 4

Diamond

Answer 4

A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms

Question 5

Electrostatic forces

Answer 5

The strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 6

Empirical formula

Answer 6

The smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 7

Fullerenes

Answer 7

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structures are based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms

Question 7

Fine particles

Answer 7

Fine particles have diameters between 100 and 2500 nm (1 x 10^-7m and 2.5 x 10^-6m)

Question 8

Gas

Answer 8

The state of matter where the particles have the most energy. The particles in a gas are relatively spread out and move randomly in all directions

Question 9

Graphene

Answer 9

A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electronics and composites

Question 10

Graphite

Answer 10

A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between the layers

Question 11

Ion

Answer 11

An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Question 12

Ionic bond

Answer 12

A metal atom loses electron(s) to form a positively charged ion and a non-metal gains these electron(s) to form a negatively charged ion. An ionic bond is formed between the oppositely charged ions.

Question 12

Ionic compound

Answer 12

Chemical compound formed of ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces

Question 13

Intermolecular forces

Answer 13

The forces which exist between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular forces impact physical properties like boiling/melting point

Question 14

Lattice

Answer 14

A repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules. This arrangement occurs in crystal structures

Question 15

Liquid

Answer 15

The state of matter where the particles are arranged randomly and close together and are able to move past each other

Question 16

Metals

Answer 16

Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table

Question 17

Metallic bond

Answer 17

The bonds present in metals between the positive metal ions and negatively charged electrons

Question 18

Molecular formula

Answer 18

The actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

Question 19

Nanoparticles

Answer 19

Nanoparticles have diameters between 1 nm to 100 nm in size. Nanoparticles can exhibit properties different to those for the same material in bulk.

Question 20

Nanoscience

Answer 20

Nanoscience refers to structures that are 1–100 nm in size, of the order of a few hundred atoms

Question 21

Non-metals

Answer 21

Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the right and top of the periodic table

Question 22

Particle theory

Answer 22

The theory which models the three states of matter by representing the particles as small solid spheres. Particle theory can help to explain melting, boiling, freezing and condensing

Question 23

Polymers

Answer 23

Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds

Question 24

Repeat unit

Answer 24

The part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain

Question 25

Solid

Answer 25

The state of matter where the particles hold a regular arrangement and have the least amount of energy

Question 26

State symbols

Answer 26

The symbols used in chemical equations to denote the states of the chemicals reacting: (s) - solid, (l) - liquid, (g) - gas, (aq) - aqueous solution