c2 bonding structure and the properties of matter

Question 1

How can a particle change state?

Answer 1

Energy must be transferred by heating

Question 2

What happens to particles when the substance changes state?

Answer 2

they gain energy, which is used to break some of the bonds between particles during melting and to overcome the remaining forces of attraction between particles during evaporation or boiling 

Question 3

What’s the difference between evaporation and boiling?

Answer 3

Another operation particles leave a liquid from the surface only, but in boiling bubbles of gas that have formed throughout the liquid rise to the surface of escape to the surroundings, forming a gas 

Question 4

what is a substance is predicted state if they given temperature is smaller than the melting point

Answer 4

Solid

Question 5

What’s the substances predicted state if they given temperature is between the melting and boiling point

Answer 5

Liquid

Question 6

What’s the substances predicted state if they given temperature is bigger than the boiling point

Answer 6

Gas

Question 7

What are the limitations of the particle model of states of matter?

Answer 7

particles are not solid since atoms are mostly empty space and many particles are not spherical. 

Question 8

What is an ionic lattice?

Answer 8

A giant structure of ions which are in a regular, repeating arrangement.

Question 9

how is a lattice formed

Answer 9

The ions attracted to each other and form a regular pattern with oppositely charged ions next to each other

Question 10

how is an ionic lattice held together

Answer 10

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. This is called ionic bonding

Question 11

pros and cons of two-dimensional ionic compound model

Answer 11

Clearly shows arrangement in one layer but not other layers

Question 12

pros and cons of the three-dimensional ball and stick model

Answer 12

Shows arrangement of ions in larger section, but using sticks for bonds is misleading because bonds of attraction between ions actually act in all directions

Question 13

Pros and cons of the three-dimensional model for ionic structures

Answer 13

Shows 3-D arrangement, but can be misleading because it shows a lot of free space between ions which there isn’t

Question 14

why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 14

Because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the storm ionic bonds

Question 15

A substance conducts electricity if:

Answer 15

It contains charged particles such as ions, and these particles are free to move from place to place

Question 16

an ionic compound can conduct, electricity when:

Answer 16

It has melted to form a liquid, or it has dissolved in water from an aqueous Alexa, volume one solution

Question 17

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 17

When a nonmetal and a nonmetal share a pair of electrons

Question 18

What is a molecule?

Answer 18

A group of two or more atoms join together by covalent bond

Question 19

Structure and bonding of diamonds

Answer 19

Each carbon atom is joined to 4 other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds. Carbon atoms form of regular tetrahedral network structure. There are no free electrons

Question 20

Graphite structure, and bonding

Answer 20

each carbon atoms forms three covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. The carbon atoms form layers of hexagonal rings. There are no covalent bonds between layers. There is one non-bonded or delocalised electrons from each atom.

Question 21

 polymer?

Answer 21

polymers have a very large molecules. The atoms in a polymer molecule or join together by strong covalent bonds and long chains.

Question 22

Properties of polymers

Answer 22

The intermolecular force is stronger than the intermolecular forces between smaller molecules.

This means that polymers melt at higher temperatures

Question 23

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 23

as metals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern, delocalised electrons from outer shells are free to move around the whole structure. This results in strong metallic bonding.

Question 24

what is an alloy?

Answer 24

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal. Many alloys are mixtures of two or more metals.

Question 25

why do alloys have more uses than pure metals It is made from.

Answer 25

Because many pure metals are too soft to use. They can be made harder by adding another element to the pure metal.

Question 26

what is a fullerene and what shapes

Answer 26

Molecules of carbon, shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls, arranged mostly in hexagons

Question 27

what is a buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 27

First fullerene discovered - hollow sphere

Question 28

What is a nano tube and what are some properties?

Answer 28

tiny carbon cylinders
Conducts
High tensile strength

Question 29

use for fullerenes

Answer 29

lubricant and transporting drugs

Question 30

forces in ionic compounds

Answer 30

electrostatic forces of attraction/ionic bonds

Question 31

bonding in small covalent molecules

Answer 31

intermolecular forces