C2- Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter Flashcards
Ion
An ion is a charged particle produced by the loss or gain of electrons.
Ionic bond
An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged particle.
Opposites…
Attract
Sublimation
A change straight form a solid to a gas
Covalent bonds…
Share electrons
Ionic compound
A giant structure of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces in a lattice.
Ionic compounds have…melting and boiling points
High…because of the large amounts of energy required to break the strong bonds.
Metals consist of…
Giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern (they form crystals).
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when…
When melted or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move, so charge can flow.
Small molecules are…
Usually gasses or liquids that have relatively low melting and boiling points.
Intermolecular forces increase with…
The size of the molecules
Small molecules…conduct electricity
Don’t …because the molecules do not have an overall electric charge.
Polymers
Have large molecules
Are linked to each other by strong covalent bonds
Giant covalent structures…
Have very high melting and boiling points
Ductile metals
Metals that can be drawn into a wire.
Metals
Are good conductors of electricity because of their delocalised electrons, good conductors of thermal energy, atoms are arranged in layers so metals can be bent and shaped.
In diamond each carbon atom forms how many bonds?
4
In diamond how is carbon bonded?
Covalently with 4 other carbon atoms in a giant covalent structure.
Properties of diamond
Very hard, high melting point, does not conduct electricity.
How many bonds do carbon atoms form with other carbon atoms in graphite?
Three covalent bonds
Graphite forms…
Layers of hexagonal rings
In graphite how many electrons are delocalised
1
What is graphene and when is it used?
It is a single layer of graphite that make it useful in electronics and composites.
What are fullerenes?
Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes e.g. buckminsterfullerene and nanotubes.
Nano science
Nano science refers to structures that are 1-1000nm in size.
1nm=1 x 10*-9
As the side of a cube decreases by a factor of 10 the SA:V ratio…
Increases by a factor of 10
What are nano particles used for?
Medicine, electronics, cosmetics, sun creams, catalysts.
