C2-Bonding,Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
What are ions?
ions are charged particles and they can be single atoms or groups of atoms
how are ions formed?
when atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions,all they are trying to do is get a full outer shell.
What happens metals form ions?
when metals form ions,they lose electrons from their outer shell to form positive ions
What happens when non-metals form ions?
when non-metals form ions they gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions
do group 1 and 2 gain or lose electrons?
they lose electrons to form positive ions
Do group 7 elements gain or lose electrons?
they gain electrons to form negative ions
What is ionic bonding?
when a metal and non-metal react together,the metal atom loses electrons to form positively charged ions and the non-metal gains these electrons to form a negative ion.these oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic forces
How are dot and cross diagrams useful?
dot and cross diagrams show the arrangement of electrons in an atom or ion and each electron is represented by a dot or cross
How are ionic compounds structured
they have a giant lattice structure and the ions form a closely packed lattice arrangement and they are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions of the lattice
What similar properties do ionic compounds all have?
1-they all have a high melting and boiling point because of the strong bonds between ions so it takes a lot of energy to overcome this attraction
2-when they’re solid the ions are held in place,so the compound can’t conduct electricity when solid but can when melted
3-some ionic compounds dissolve in water and ions separate and a free to move in the solution
How do you work out the empirical formula in a dot and cross diagram?
count up how many atoms there are of each element.then write this down to give you the empirical formula.
How do you work out the empirical formula if your given a 3D diagram of the ioni lattice?
use it to work out what ions are in the ionic compound then balance the charges of the ions ao that the overall charge of the compound is 0
What is covalent bonding?
when 2 non-metal atoms bond together,they share pairs of electrons to make covalent bonds.
if 1 atom shares an electron the other must share one
where does covalent bonding happen?
it happens in compounds of non-metals and in non-metal elements
