C1-Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What are elements made from?
elements are made from one type of atom
What is the charge for protons?
+1 because they are positively charged
What is the charge for electrons?
-1 because they are negatively charged
What is the charge for neutrons
0 because it’s neutral
What is the atomic mass?
number of protons and number of neutrons
What is an isotope?
same number of protons and different number of neutrons
What are diatomic molecules?
2 atoms joined together
What is the maximum amount of electrons that can go into the first shell?
2
What is the maximum number of electrons that can go into the second and third shell?
8
Do metals gain or lose electrons in their outer shell?
lose
Do non-metals gain or lose electrons in their outer shell?
gain
what kind of ion do metals and non metals make?
positive and negative ions
What is an ion?
an atom that has lost or gained electrons to its outer shell
What happens to the reactivity of group 7 as you go down the group?
it decreases
What happens to the reactivity of group 1 as you go down the group?
it increases
What happens to the melting and boiling point of group 7 as you go down?
it increases
Do group 1 elements have a high or low density?
low density
What is a compound?
a compound contains 2 or more different elements chemically joined
What is a mixture?
Mixtures contain 2 or more different elements not chemically joined
What is a soluble substance?
a substance that can dissolve in a solvent
What is a solute?
a solute is the substance that does dissolve e.g salt
What is a solvent?
the substance that can dissolve other substances e.g water
What is an insoluble substance?
a substance that cannot dissolve
What is filtration used for?
used to separate an insoluble substance from a liquid?
What is crystallization used for?
used to separate a mixture of containing a solute and solvent
What is chromatography used for?
used to separate a mixture from soluble substances
What is distillation used for?
used to separate a mixture of 2 liquids with different boiling points
How can mixtures be seperated?
mixtures can be separated based on their properties e.g boiling point,solubility and magnetic properties
can compounds be separated?
no
How do you separate a mixture with chromatography?
separate a mixture of soluble dyes
different solubilities
filter paper,solvent and pencil base line
How do you separate a mixture using distillation?
heat
vaporise/evaporate
different boiling points
condense in condenser
How do you separate mixtures using filtration?
separate insoluble substance
filter paper/filter/conical flask
filtrate liquid and residue
how many dyes are there in a mixture?
2
Describe the method of chromatography
draw a straight line at the bottom of your filter paper with a pencil
draw a dot of ink on the pencil start line
pour about 1 cm depth of solvent into a chromatography tank
place filter paper in the solvent so that the start line is above to solvent level
use a lid on the tank until after the experiment is finished and let the solvent run up the filter paper until the solvent front gets near the top of the paper
draw a line to mark the top solvent line then leave to dry
Why does the baseline have to be drawn with during chromatography?
because pencil is insoluble so it won’t run up the filter paper or smudge
Why did one dye stay on the baseline during chromatography?
because they dye on the baseline must be insoluble in that solvent
What is the boiling point of water
100 degrees celcius
