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Chemistry > C2 - atoms, Ions And Compounds > Flashcards

C2 - atoms, Ions And Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the relative charge and relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?

A

Proton: charge= 1+ mass=1

neutron: charge= 0 mass=1
electron: charge= 1- mass= 1/1836

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2
Q

what is the charge of an atom and why?

A

Atoms contain the same number of protons and electrons so the atom is neutral as the charges cancel each other so therefore the overall charge is zero.

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3
Q

what are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses.

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4
Q

What are the properties of isotopes of the same element?

A
  • have the same number of electrons
  • the chemical properties remain the same as the number of neutrons has no effect on reactions.
  • may be small differences in physical properties. (higher mass isotopes have a higher MP and BP and density).
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5
Q

What is an ion and the two types?

A

A charged atom, the number of electrons and protons are different.

Cations- positive ions, fewer electrons than protons.

Anions- negative ions, more electrons than protons.

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6
Q

What is relative formula mass?

A

The weighted mean mass of the formula unit of a compound compared to 1/12 th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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7
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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8
Q

Why is the mass of a carbon-12 atom used as the comparison?

A
  • The mass of a carbon-12 isotope is defined as exactly 12 atomic mass units (12u).
  • the standard atomic mass is 1u (mass of 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom
  • 1u is approximately equal to the mass of a proton/neutron
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9
Q

What is relative atomic mass (Ar)?

A

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.

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10
Q

In Relative atomic mass, what does the weighted mean mass take into account?

A
  • the % abundance of each isotope.

- the relative isotopic mass of each isotope.

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11
Q

What is a mass spectrometer used for?

A

Used to find % abundances of the isotopes in an element.

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12
Q

How does a mass spectrometer work?

A
  1. Sample is placed in the mass spectrometer.
  2. sample is vaporised and ionised to form positive ions.
  3. the ions are accelerated:
    heavier ions= slow & harder to deflect
    lighter ions= faster & easier to deflect.
  4. the ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a mass to charge ration(m/z). Each ion adds to the signal, so the greater the abundance, the larger the signal.
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13
Q

How do you calculate the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)?

A

m/z = relative mass of ion/ relative charge of ion

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14
Q

What are the 4 sections in a mass spectrometer?

A
  1. ionisation area
  2. acceleration area
  3. flight path
  4. ion detector
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15
Q

How do you calculate relative atomic mass?

A

Ar = (M1 x A1) + (M2 x A2) + … / 100

A=abundance
M=mass

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16
Q

What is a binary compound and how do you name one?

A

A binary compound contains two elements only.

to name a binary compound, use the name of the first element but change the neding of the second element to ‘-ide’.

17
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

Contain atoms of more than one element bonded together

18
Q

What are diatomic molecules?

A

Contain two atoms bonded together.

19
Q

What is Formula unit?

A

For ionic compounds, the formula worked out from the ionic charges is used in equations. This is called the formula unit.

20
Q

do covalent compounds contain ions?

A

No

21
Q

What is the formula for ammonium, hydroxide and nitrate?

A

ammonium: NH4+
hydroxide: OH-
nitrate: NO3-

22
Q

What is the formula for carbonate and sulfate?

A

carbonate: CO3^2-
sulfate: SO4^2-

23
Q

What is the A number?

A

The mass number (protons + neutrons)

Always the larger one

24
Q

What is the Z number

A

Atomic number (proton number)

25
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an element?

A

Mass number - Atomic number

26
Q

Equations that help in writing symbol equations

A

H+ + OH- > H20

2H+ + O^2- > H2O

2H+ + CO3^2- > H2O + CO2

Chemistry (26 decks)

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