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Chemistry > C16/28 - Synthetic Routes > Flashcards

C16/28 - Synthetic Routes Flashcards

1
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Addition (hydration)
H2O (steam)
H3PO4 catalyst

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2
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Elimination
Conc. H2SO4 catalyst.

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3
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Addition
H2
Ni catalyst

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4
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Radical substitution

Halogen/UV light

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5
Q

Haloalkane to primary alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution

NaOH (aq)

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6
Q

Primary alcohol to haloalkane

A

Substitution

Sodium halide/H2SO4

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7
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Addition (halogenation)

Hydrogen halide

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8
Q

Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Reflux [O]

Acidified K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4

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9
Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

Distillation [O]

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

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10
Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

Distillation [R]

NaBH4/H2O

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11
Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone

A

Reflux [O]

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

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12
Q

Primary alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid/H2SO4
Esterification

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13
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution

NaCN in ethanol

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14
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution

NH3/ethanol

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15
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis

H2O/HCl

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16
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A 
Oxidation [O]
Acidified dichromate (K2Cr2O7)/H+
17
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

18
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

19
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

20
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Primary amine

21
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Esterification

Alcohol

22
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Esterification

Alcohol/H2SO4

23
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid hydrolysis

24
Q

Ester to sodium salt of carboxylic acid (carboxylate) + alcohol

A

Alkaline hydrolysis

NaOH (aq)

25
Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition

NaCN/H+

26
Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Nitration
Electrophilic substitution
HNO3/H2SO4
50 degrees

27
Q

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine (aminobenzene)

A

Reduction

Sn/HCl

28
Q

Phenylamine to 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine

A

Electrophilic substitution

Br2

29
Q

Benzene to bromobenzene

A

Bromination

Br2/FeBr3

30
Q

Benzene to chlorobenzene

A

Chlorination

Cl2/AlCl3

31
Q

benzene to phenylketone

A

Electrophilic substitution
Acylation
CH3COCl/AlCl3

32
Q

Phenylketone to phenol

A

Reduction

NaBH4

33
Q

Phenol to Nitrophenol

A

Nitration

HNO3

34
Q

Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol

A

Bromination

Br2

35
Q

Phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

Neutralisation

NaOH (aq)

Chemistry (26 decks)

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