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Chemistry 1-2-3 > C2 > Flashcards

C2 Flashcards

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0
Q

How do Fertilisers increase crop yield?

A
  • Replacing essential elements in the soil that have been used by old plants
  • Providing Nitrogen
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1
Q

What is Eutrophication?

A
  • When the overuse of fertilisers changes the ecosystem in lakes, rivers and streams
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2
Q

What equipment is needed to make a fertiliser by Neutralisation?

A
  • Burette
  • Measuring cylinder
  • Filter funnel
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3
Q

What are the three main elements found in fertilisers?

A
  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Phosphorus (P)
  • Potassium (K)
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4
Q

What MUST fertilisers be?

A
  • Soluble in water so that they can be taken in by the roots of plants
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5
Q

What is the Ionic equation for Neutralisation?

A

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) = H2O(1)

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6
Q

What do acids in solution contain?

A

Hydrogen ions

H+(aq)

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7
Q

What do Alkalis in solution contain?

A
  • Hydroxide ions

OH-(aq)

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8
Q

What can carbonates do to acids?

A
  • Neutralise them
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9
Q

What happens when an alkali is added to an acid?

A
  • The PH increases to neutral PH7
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10
Q

What happens when an acid is added to an Alkali?

A
  • The PH of the solution decreases because the acid neutralises the alkali to PH7
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11
Q

What is the equation for Neutralisation?

A
  • Acid + base = salt + water
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12
Q

What is Neutralisation?

A
  • When metal oxides and metal hydroxides are added to acids in the correct amounts, they cancel each other out
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13
Q

What colour do bases turn litmus paper?

A
  • Blue
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14
Q

What colour do Acids turn litmus paper?

A

Red

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15
Q

What are soluble bases called?

A
  • Chemicals with a PH greater that 7 and dissolve in water

- Called Alkalis

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16
Q

What PH does a Base have?

A
  • greater than 7
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17
Q

What PH so Acids have?

A
  • less than 7
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18
Q

What conditions are used for the Harber Process?

A
  • The Nitrogen and Hydrogen mixture is under high pressure of 200 atmospheres
  • The gases are passed through/over an ion catalyst at 450 degrees
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19
Q

What is the equation for the Harber process?

A

Nitrogen + hydrogen ⬅️➡️ ammonia

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20
Q

What type of reaction is used to create Ammonia?

A
  • Reversible reaction
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21
Q

What is ammonia made from?

A
  • Nitrogen

- Hydrogen

22
Q

How much of a car has to be able to be recycled?

A
  • 85%

- from 2015 it will rise to 95%

23
Q

What is the equation for Rusting?

A

Iron + oxygen + Water ➡️ hydrated Iron (iii) oxide

24
Q

What is made using the Haber process?

A

Ammonia

25
Q

What does Aluminium do to stop it rusting?

A
  • It forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide
26
Q

What can speed up rusting?

A
  • If the water is salty or is acid rain
27
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A
  • A reaction where oxygen is added to a substance
28
Q

What doesn’t aluminium do?

A
  • Corrode
29
Q

What are the properties of Iron?

A
  • Dense
  • Magnetic
  • Malleable
  • Conducts electricity
30
Q

What are the properties of aluminium?

A
  • Does not corrode
  • Malleable
  • Conducts electricity
31
Q

What can a smart alloy do? Example?

A
  • It can be bent and twisted

- Nitinol, has shape energy

32
Q

Name 3 Alloys?

A
  • Amalgam (mercury)
  • Solder (lead and tin)
  • Brass (copper and zinc)
33
Q

What is an Alloy?

A
  • A mixture of metal with another element (usually another metal)
34
Q

What do Alloys do?

A
  • Alloys improve the properties ofa metal and make them more useful
  • They are often harder and stronger than pure metal
35
Q

What is the cathode in electrolysis made from?

A
  • Pure copper
36
Q

What is the Anode in Electrolysis made from?

A
  • Impure copper
37
Q

What happens during Electrolysis?

A
  • Electricity is passed through a liquid or a solution called an electrolyte, to make simpler substances
38
Q

How is copper extracted?

A
  • Copper is extracted from naturally occurring copper ore by heating it with carbon
39
Q

What is a composite material?

A
  • a combination of the best properties of each material
40
Q

What is thermal Decomposition?

A

A reaction where one material breaks down into two or more new substances when heated

41
Q

What type of rock is Granite?

A

Igneous

42
Q

What type of Rock is marble.

A
  • Metamorphic
43
Q

What type of Rock is limestone?

A
  • Sedimentary
44
Q

What is the Earth’s Lithosphere?

A
  • The relatively cold, rigid outer part of the Earth, made out of the crust and top part of the Mantle
45
Q

What are Tectonic plates?

A
  • The interlocking pieces of the ‘cracked’ lithosphere
    > oceanic plates
    > continental plates
    > less dense than Mantle
46
Q

What happens when tectonic plates move?

A
  • They move very slowly, about 2.5 cm per year

- Cause earthquakes and volcanoes at the boundaries

47
Q

What are convection currents?

A
  • formed by heat released from radioactive decay in the core

- causes magma to rise to the surface at the boundaries of plates

48
Q

What causes tectonic plates to move?

A
  • the slow movement of Magma caused be convection currents
49
Q

What is subduction?

A
  • When an Oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, it dips down and slides under it
  • The oceanic plate is partially re-melted as it goes under the continental plate
50
Q

What are igneous rocks?

A
  • hard, have interlocking crystals of different sizes
    > large crystals are made when the rock cools slowly
    > small crystals are made when the rock cools quickly
51
Q

What is Lava which is an Iron rich basalt like?

A
  • runny

- fairly ‘safe’ eruptions

52
Q

What is lava which is silica rich rhyolite like?

A
  • Thick
  • causes violent and catastrophic eruptions
  • pumice, volcanic ash and bombs
53
Q

What construction materials come from rocks found in the Earths crust?

A
  • Iron and aluminium ➡️ ores
  • Brick ➡️ clay
  • glass, concrete and cement ➡️ sand
  • limestone, marble, granite and aggregates

Chemistry 1-2-3 (3 decks)

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