C2

Question 1

Describe Mendeleev’s periodic table

Answer 1

• Ordered his table in order of atomic weight and adjusted for chemical properties
• left gaps for undiscovered elements, which when they were discovered, matched his predictions

Question 2

Describe Newland’s periodic table

Answer 2

• ordered in order of atomic weight ONLY
• realised similar properties occurred every eighth element- “law of octaves” - broke down after calcium
• only included known elements

Question 2

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 2

Shiny, good conductor, strong, malleable, ductile, high m.p

Question 3

What are the properties of non-metals?

Answer 3

dull, poor conductor, brittle, low m.p

Question 4

Metals and non metals either form positive or negative ions. Which forms which though?

Answer 4

metals - form positive ions
non-metals - form negative ions

Question 5

What does group number show?

Answer 5

How many electrons in the outer shell

Question 6

What does period number show?

Answer 6

How many shells the element has

Question 7

How does the periodic table arrange elements?

Answer 7

based on their atomic number

Question 8

Describe the halogens

Answer 8

• Exist as diatomic molecules (e.g F2, Cl2)
• More reactive halogen can displace another halogen from a compound

Question 9

In the halogens, does reactivity increase or decrease down the group?

Answer 9

decrease

Question 10

In the halogens, does boiling point, melting point and density increase or decrease down the group?

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

How reactive are the Noble Gases?

Answer 11

VERY unreactive

Question 12

Does the boiling point of the noble gases increase or decrease down the group?

Answer 12

increase

Question 13

Compare the transition metals and the alkali metals

Answer 13

• transition metals are harder, stronger, denser and have higher melting points
• transition metals are much less reactive with oxygen and water
• Transition metals form coloured compounds, alkali metals form white compounds

Question 14

Which group are often used as catalysts?

Answer 14

Transition metals

Question 15

Why are group 1 metals called “Alkali metals”

Answer 15

• they produce an alkaline solution when reacting with water

Question 16

Does density and reactivity of group 1 increase or decrease down the group?

Answer 16

Increase

Question 17

Does melting point of group 1 increase or decrease down the group?

Answer 17

decrease

Question 18

Group 1 elements react vigorously with chloride to form ____ which dissolve in water to form _____

Answer 18

• chlorides
• colourless solutions

Question 19

Group 1 elements react with oxygen to form ______

Answer 19

metal oxides

Question 20

Group 1 elements react with water to produce ____

Answer 20

a metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 21

Why does reactivity increase as you go down group 1?

Answer 21

• group 1 are metals, so outer electron is lost
• atoms get larger as you go down
• so the outer electron gets further from the nucleus, and there’s more shielding
• attraction between nucleus and outer electron gets weaker, so the electron is lost more easily

Question 22

Why does reactivity decrease as you go down group 7?

Answer 22

• group 7 are non metals, so they gain an electron
• atoms get larger down the group
• outer electron shell gets further from the nucleus as you go down, so there’s more shielding
• attraction between nucleus and outer shell gets weaker going down the group, so it’s harder to gain an electron

Question 23

In Group 7, why does melting point increase as you go down the group?

Answer 23

-molecules increase in size going down group
-intermolecular forces increase
- so melting point increases