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Anatomy > C2 > Flashcards

C2 Flashcards

1
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

A

Plasma membrane = plasmalemma: selectively permeable = semipermeable.

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2
Q

Phospholipid bilayer:

A

phospho- (polar=hydrophilic), lipid (non-polar=hydrophobic).

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3
Q

Cholesterol

A

provides rigidity, impermeability.

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4
Q

Proteins

A

Integral, (mostly transmembrane): in lipid layer. Peripheral: at membrane surfaces.

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5
Q

Glycocalyx

A

glycoproteins + glycolipids; biological marker (cell recognition, adhesion).

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6
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water (H2 O) molecules

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6
Q

Movement across membrane

Diffusion

A

down concentration gradient

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6
Q

CYTOPLASM

CYTOSOL

A

jelly-like substance: water, ions, enzymes

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6
Q

Transport mechanisms

A

proteins channels and/or carriers are utilized

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6
Q

Endocytosis

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis; receptor-mediated endocytosis (specific). Exocytosis

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7
Q

INCLUSIONS

A

temporary; ex. lipid, glycogen, melanin)

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8
Q

ORGANELLES

A

permanent components

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9
Q

Organelles:

A

organs of the cell

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

two subunits of r-RNA + protein, synthesized in nucleolus; protein synthesis

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11
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum: RER

A

contains ribosomes; protein synthesis.

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12
Q

Smooth ER

A

lipid metabolism, breakdown of lipid-based toxins, calcium storage in muscle cells

13
Q

Golgi

A

sort, package proteins.

14
Q

Mitochondria

A

double membrane, inner membrane with cristae, ATP synthesis.

15
Q

Lysosomes

A

acid hydrolases, digest

16
Q

Peroxisomes

A

oxidases, catalases neutralize free radicals; liver, kidneys.

17
Q

Centrioles

A

paired, 9 microtubule triplets each; form mitotic spindle.

18
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments (actin), intermediate filaments (tensile strength), microtubules
(movement, maintain cell shape).

19
Q

NUCLEUS

A

contains DNA (directs protein synthesis)

20
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

2 membranes with nuclear pores; contains DNA (directs protein synthesis).

21
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + protein present during interphase.

22
Q

Chromosomes

A

packed DNA units that appear during cell division.

23
Q

Nucleoli

A

synthesize ribosomal subunits.

24
Q

CELL CYCLE

A

CELL CYCLE = interphase + cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis).

25
Q

Interphase:

A

growth, function, DNA as chromatin. In cells that divide: DNA and centriole replication

26
Q

Cell division:
Mitosis

A

Mitosis:
1. Prophase: Chromosomes (two chromatids connected by centromere) appear; nucleoli, nuclear
envelope disassemble; centrioles migrate to opposite poles and form mitotic spindle.
2. Metaphase: chromosomes align at cells’ equatorial plane.
3. Anaphase: centromeres split, chromatids pull apart to opposite poles of parent cell.
4. Telophase: reverse of prophase.

27
Q

Cytokinesis:

A

actin microfilaments form cleavage furrow, separate cytoplasmic contents into
two daughter cells.

Anatomy (12 decks)

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