C2

Question 1

In the 1800s how were elements arranged?

Answer 1

They were arranged by atomic weight

Question 2

What did Mendeleev do?

Answer 2

He put elements mainly in order of atomic weight but he did switch the order if an element had similar properties to the elements in that group. He also left gaps which indicated that some elements were yet to be discovered

Question 3

What does the group number show in the periodic table?

Answer 3

It shows how many electrons are in the outer shell of the elements in each group

Question 4

What are metals?

Answer 4

Metals are elements which can form positive ions when they react

Question 5

Name some properties of metals

Answer 5

• They are strong and malleable
• They are great at conducting heat and electricity
• They have high melting and boiling points

Question 6

What are some properties of group 1 metals? ( alkali metals )

Answer 6

• They have one electron in their outer shell so they are really reactive
• They are all soft and have a low density

Question 7

Explain the trends for the alkali metals as you down group 1

Answer 7

• Increasing reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and electron decreases, because the electron is further away from the nucleus the further down the group you go
• Lower melting and boiling points
• Higher relative atomic mass

Question 8

What do alkali metals form when reacted with non-metals?

Answer 8

They form ionic compounds
The group 1 elements dont need much energy to lose their one outer electron to form a full outer shell so they easily form +1 ions

Question 9

What happens when the group 1 elements react with water?

Answer 9

• They react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
• The more reactive the metal is ( lower down in the group ) the more violent the reaction
• The amount of energy given out by the reaction increases while going down the group

Question 10

What happens when the group 1 elements react with Chlorine?

Answer 10

The group 1 metals react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to form white metal chloride salts

Question 11

What happens when group 1 metals react with oxygen?

Answer 11

Group 1 metals can react with oxygen to form a metal oxide and different types of oxide will form depending on the group 1 metal:

• Lithium reacts to form lithium oxide
• Sodium reacts to form a mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide
• Potassium reacts to form a mixture of potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide

Question 12

Name some of the differences between group 1 metals and transition metals

Answer 12

• Group 1 metals are much more reactive than transition metals
• They are much less dense, strong and hard than transition metals and have much lower melting points

Question 13

What are the group 7 elements called?

Answer 13

The halogens

Question 14

What are the halogens?

Answer 14

The halogens are all Non-metals with coloured vapours

Question 15

What is fluorine?

Answer 15

Fluorine is a very reactive, poisonous yellow gas

Question 16

What is chlorine?

Answer 16

Chlorine is a fairly reactive, poisonous dense green gas

Question 17

What is bromine?

Answer 17

Bromine is a dense, poisonous, red brown volatile liquid

Question 18

What is iodine?

Answer 18

Iodine is a dark grey crystalline solid or a purple vapour

Question 19

What are the trends in group 7?

Answer 19

As you go down group 7, the halogens:
Become less reactive
Have higher melting and boiling points
Have higher relative atomic masses

Question 20

What can halogens form with other non-metals?

Answer 20

They can share electrons via covalent bonding in order to achieve a full outer shell and the compounds that form when halogens react with each other are called simple molecular structures.

Question 21

What do halogens form with metals? ( ionic bonding )

Answer 21

Halogens form -1 ions called halides when they bind with metals

Question 22

What is a displacment reaction?

Answer 22

A displacment reaction can occur between a more reactive halogen and the salt of a less reactive one. So it is when a more reactive halogen displaces the salt of a less reactive one

Question 23

What are the group 0 elements called?

Answer 23

The noble gases

Question 24

How much electrons do the noble gases have in their outer shell?

Answer 24

They have 8 electrons in their outer shell apart from helium which has 2 giving them a full outer shell and because their outer shell is stable they dont need to give up or gain electrons to become more stable

Question 25

The halogens exist as monatomic gases, what does monatomic mean?

Answer 25

Single atoms not bonded to each other

Question 26

What colour are the group 0 elements at room temperature?

Answer 26

They are colourless gases at room temp

Question 27

As the noble gases are inert they’re…

Answer 27

Non-flammable

Question 28

What are the patterns going down group 0?

Answer 28

As you go down…

-The boiling points and the relative atomic masses increase

Question 29

Why do the boiling points increase as you go down group 0?

Answer 29

The increase of the boiling points is due to an increase in the number of electrons in each atom leading to greater intermolecular forces between them which need to be overcome.

Question 30

What is the difference between metals and non-metals?

Answer 30

• Metals are malleable and non metals are usually brittle
• Metals are shiny and non-metals are usually dull
• Metals conduct electricity and non-metals usually dont