C2 Flashcards
there are 3 types of bonding what are they?
ionic - from a metal to a non metal
metallic - between 2 metals
covalent - between 2 non metals
when ionic bonding occurs, ions form
what ion does the metal turn to
what ion does the non metal turn to
why
positive because the metal loses an electron
negative because the non metal gains an electron
why does the metal lose an electron in ionic bonding?
because the metal has a lower amount of electrons in it’s outer shell, it has to lose an electron(s) in order to gain a stable electronic structure
why does the non metal gain an electron in ionic bonding?
because there are gaps in it’s outer shell, it must gain an electron(s) in order to gain a stable electronic structure
what charge will ions in group one and 2 have when ionic bonding occurs?
positive
what charge will the ions in group 7 and 6 have when ionic bonding occurs
negative
why are 2 chlorine atoms required to bond to magnesium
because magnesium loses 2 electrons yet chlorine can only gain 1, 2 chlorine ions are required to take the 2 magnesium electrons making
mg-2
and
Cl(2)+1
how are ions attracted to each other?
electrostatic attraction of opposite charges
in covalent bonding, why do atoms share their electrons?
to have the stability of a full outer shell
represent the covalent bonding of 2 hydrogen atoms
why is it this way?
H—H
because each atom shares only one electron
how many types of bonds are there in covalent bonding
3
single bond
double bond
triple bond
in what circumstance is a double bond required
a triple bond required
a single bond required
when 2 electrons are shared from both non metals
when 3 electrons are shared
when 1 electron is shared
how do you identify a small simple molecule
which are the most common examples
it has more than one atom with no charge
gases and liquids
MP and BP of small molecules are?
why?
relatively low
they have weak forces between the molecules
why do small molecules not conduct electricity
they have no charge
Small substances have low _____ and _____ however do not breaks bonds easily, why is this?
BP and MP
because the forces between the molecules are weak however the covalent bonds between the atoms are strong
giant covalent structures are only found within?
solids
name properties of giant covalent structures
very hard
very high MP
Insoluble in water
Does not conduct electricity
polymers are?
how are they formed
very large molecules
they are formed through strong covalent bonds and form a long chain
are the intermolecular forces between polymer molecules strong or weak?
weak so they polymer chains are able to slide over each other yet cannot be pulled apart
the atoms of the monomers along the chains in a polymer are held by
strong covalent bonds
they are WITHIN the polymer molecules and are therefore INTRAmolecular bonds
the chains of a polymer are held by
weak forces of attraction
these are the interMOLECULAR forces as they are between polymer MOLECULES
polymers are represented by?
a repeating unit - has 2 carbon atoms joined with 4 hydrogen atoms - outside the bracket is an “n” (joined to itself “n” times)
how do you make polymers?
addition or condensation reactions
(they are just lots of small units joined together to form a large molecule
