C2

Question 1

there are 3 types of bonding what are they?

Answer 1

ionic - from a metal to a non metal
metallic - between 2 metals
covalent - between 2 non metals

Question 2

when ionic bonding occurs, ions form
what ion does the metal turn to
what ion does the non metal turn to
why

Answer 2

positive because the metal loses an electron

negative because the non metal gains an electron

Question 3

why does the metal lose an electron in ionic bonding?

Answer 3

because the metal has a lower amount of electrons in it’s outer shell, it has to lose an electron(s) in order to gain a stable electronic structure

Question 4

why does the non metal gain an electron in ionic bonding?

Answer 4

because there are gaps in it’s outer shell, it must gain an electron(s) in order to gain a stable electronic structure

Question 5

what charge will ions in group one and 2 have when ionic bonding occurs?

Answer 5

positive

Question 6

what charge will the ions in group 7 and 6 have when ionic bonding occurs

Answer 6

negative

Question 7

why are 2 chlorine atoms required to bond to magnesium

Answer 7

because magnesium loses 2 electrons yet chlorine can only gain 1, 2 chlorine ions are required to take the 2 magnesium electrons making
mg-2
and
Cl(2)+1

Question 8

how are ions attracted to each other?

Answer 8

electrostatic attraction of opposite charges

Question 9

in covalent bonding, why do atoms share their electrons?

Answer 9

to have the stability of a full outer shell

Question 10

represent the covalent bonding of 2 hydrogen atoms

why is it this way?

Answer 10

H—H

because each atom shares only one electron

Question 11

how many types of bonds are there in covalent bonding

Answer 11

3
single bond
double bond
triple bond

Question 12

in what circumstance is a double bond required
a triple bond required
a single bond required

Answer 12

when 2 electrons are shared from both non metals
when 3 electrons are shared
when 1 electron is shared

Question 13

how do you identify a small simple molecule

which are the most common examples

Answer 13

it has more than one atom with no charge

gases and liquids

Question 14

MP and BP of small molecules are?

why?

Answer 14

relatively low

they have weak forces between the molecules

Question 15

why do small molecules not conduct electricity

Answer 15

they have no charge

Question 16

Small substances have low _____ and _____ however do not breaks bonds easily, why is this?

Answer 16

BP and MP

because the forces between the molecules are weak however the covalent bonds between the atoms are strong

Question 17

giant covalent structures are only found within?

Answer 17

solids

Question 18

name properties of giant covalent structures

Answer 18

very hard
very high MP
Insoluble in water
Does not conduct electricity

Question 19

polymers are?

how are they formed

Answer 19

very large molecules

they are formed through strong covalent bonds and form a long chain

Question 20

are the intermolecular forces between polymer molecules strong or weak?

Answer 20

weak so they polymer chains are able to slide over each other yet cannot be pulled apart

Question 21

the atoms of the monomers along the chains in a polymer are held by

Answer 21

strong covalent bonds

they are WITHIN the polymer molecules and are therefore INTRAmolecular bonds

Question 22

the chains of a polymer are held by

Answer 22

weak forces of attraction

these are the interMOLECULAR forces as they are between polymer MOLECULES

Question 23

polymers are represented by?

Answer 23

a repeating unit - has 2 carbon atoms joined with 4 hydrogen atoms - outside the bracket is an “n” (joined to itself “n” times)

Question 24

how do you make polymers?

Answer 24

addition or condensation reactions

(they are just lots of small units joined together to form a large molecule

Question 25

what are addition polymers

Answer 25

long chain of units made from one molecule that has at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 26

condensation polymers are?

Answer 26

made of units using at least 2 different molecules

Question 27

ions are?

Answer 27

charged particles

Question 28

ionic compound properties

Answer 28

high MP and BP
cannot conduct electricity as solid
-can as liquid

Question 29

why are some methods of drawing lattices better than others

Answer 29

ball and stick — shows how ion are arranged

• doesn’t show the size of the ions
• appears to have gaps between ions when there are none

Question 30

why are some methods of drawing lattices better than others pt2

Answer 30

3d model — shows the size of ions

• shows that ions are ordered in a pattern
• only shows the outer layer of the compound