C1a

Question 1

What are the 3 main fossil fuels

Answer 1

Crude oil, Coal and Natural gas

Question 2

What are non-renewable fuels

Answer 2

Fuels that take a very long time to make and are used up faster than they are formed.

Question 3

What is fractional distillation and why does it work

Answer 3

The seperation of crude oil into useful products called fractions. It works because longer chains of hydrocarbons have stronger intermolecular bonds between the molecules, so more energy is needed to break them.

Question 4

Name the fractions in a fractional distillation column, from hottest to coolest

Answer 4

Bitumen, fuel oils, heating oil, paraffin, diesel, petrol and LPG

Question 5

Give two environmental problems involved in exploiting crude oil

Answer 5

Oil slicks due to accidents and damage to wildlife/beaches, birds’ feathers could be damaged and detergents used to clean oil slicks are also damaging to wildlife

Question 6

What are the conditions needed for cracking and what is created

Answer 6

Catalyst and high temperature, converts a large alkane into a smaller alkane and an alkene (often makes more petrol)

Question 7

Give 3 problems associated with the finite nature of crude oil

Answer 7

all readily extractable resources will be used up in the future, we need to find replacements and there is a conflict between making petrochemicals and fuels

Question 8

Give 2 political problems associated with the exploitation of crude oil

Answer 8

UK dependent on oil/gas from politically unstable countries, supplies in the future may have issues