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Integrated Physical Sciences – C165 > C165 Earth and sky > Flashcards

C165 Earth and sky Flashcards

1
Q

What force caused the hydrogen, helium, and lithium formed from the big bang to collect and form stars, planets, and other objects, as well as to form the different elements than hydrogen making up these objects?

magnetism

gravity

inertia

chemical bonds

A

gravity

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2
Q

Which of these effects is NOT caused by gravity?

planets orbiting a star

hydrogen gas condensing to form a star

a planet’s atmosphere retaining thermal energy

solar systems being held together to form a galaxy

A

a planet’s atmosphere retaining thermal energy

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3
Q

Which of these properties characterize the outer planets compared to the inner planets?

gaseous and less dense

made of high density material

a shorter year (shorter amount of time to go around the sun)

smaller size

A

gaseous and less dense

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4
Q

When it is winter in New York City, what season is it in New Zealand, which is in Earth’s southern hemisphere?

spring

winter

fall

summer

A

summer

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5
Q

A meander in a river develops primarily from __________.

roughly equal deposition on both sides of the river

erosion on the side of the river where the flow is faster and deposition on the opposite side

erosion on the side of the river where the flow is slower and deposition on the opposite side

roughly equal erosion on both sides of the river

A

erosion on the side of the river where the flow is faster and deposition on the opposite side

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6
Q

Many cycles of water getting into this rock and expanding by freezing have produced large cracks. This is an example of __________.



Image of red quartz embedded in granite.

deposition

erosion

chemical weathering

physical weathering

A

physical weathering

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7
Q

Which of these statements about glaciers is the MOST accurate?

Glaciers remain fixed permanently in position.

Glaciers flow and reshape their surroundings but only by erosion.

Glaciers flow and reshape their surroundings only by erosion and weathering.

Glaciers flow and reshape their surroundings by erosion, weathering, and deposition.

A

Glaciers flow and reshape their surroundings by erosion, weathering, and deposition.

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8
Q

What conditions are needed for a sand dune to form?

lots of loose sand, an obstacle, wind

wet sandy soil held in place by vegetation, wind

sand on a hill so that it is pulled down by gravity

lots of loose sand, vegetation, flowing water

A

lots of loose sand, an obstacle, wind

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9
Q

4

A geologist notices that 4 layers of rock are stacked directly on top of each other. He labels the top layer as #1 and the bottom layer as #4. Which layer is the oldest?

A

4

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10
Q

Which of these statements about fossils is correct?

If an organism ever lived, it left a fossil, but different fossils often look the same.

Scientists have found fossils of most organisms that ever lived on Earth.

If an organism ever lived, it left a fossil, but it may be hard to find.

The fossil record is incomplete because most organisms simply die and decay.

A

The fossil record is incomplete because most organisms simply die and decay.

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11
Q

What does the term “Pangaea” refer to?

a continent that sank in the Atlantic Ocean in ancient times

the continent that the Antarctic is located on

the landmass that all of Earth’s continents were once joined together to form

the ocean floors and their various undersea mountains

A

the landmass that all of Earth’s continents were once joined together to form

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12
Q

The trade winds are prevailing winds that blow over long distances. Their paths curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. Which process causes their paths to curve?

Earth orbiting the sun

gravity from the moon

gravity from the sun

Earth spinning on its axis

A

Earth spinning on its axis

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13
Q

What mechanism causes the motion of air that leads to convection cells?

ocean currents pushing the air

heated air being pushed up and colder air sinking

monsoons at the equator

typhoons and hurricanes

A

heated air being pushed up and colder air sinking

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14
Q

Which of Earth’s natural bodies or areas of water accounts for MOST of Earth’s water?

lakes and streams

water vapor

groundwater

oceans

glaciers

A

oceans

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15
Q

When a cold front moves into an area with warmer air, what are the likely consequences?

warm air being pushed upward, which may produce precipitation

hurricanes from the violent mixing of the air

no interaction between air masses as they move by

clear sunny weather as the two air masses simply mix

A

warm air being pushed upward, which may produce precipitation

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16
Q

A geologist is doing a risk assessment for a location where the African plate is moving away from the South American plate.

Which risk description must the geologist give for this location?

There is high risk of volcanoes and low risk of large earthquakes.
There is low risk of volcanoes and high risk of large earthquakes.
There is high risk of both volcanoes and large earthquakes.
There is low risk of both volcanoes and large earthquakes.

A

There is high risk of volcanoes and low risk of large earthquakes.

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17
Q

A utility company is considering building a power plant at a location on the Eurasian plate far from any plate boundaries.

Which types of risk are present in this location?

Low risk of volcanoes, high risk of earthquakes
High risk of volcanoes, low risk of earthquakes
Low risk of both volcanoes and earthquakes
High risk of both volcanoes and earthquakes

A

Low risk of both volcanoes and earthquakes

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18
Q

The map shows some of Earth’s tectonic plates with the directions of plate motion indicated by arrows.

Which statement accurately describes these locations?

Volcanoes are more likely at location C than at location A.
Large earthquakes are more likely at location A than at location B.
Neither earthquakes nor volcanoes are likely at location B.
Both earthquakes and volcanoes are likely at location D.

A

Volcanoes are more likely at location C than at location A.

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19
Q

A river flows across a region. As the river flows, it erodes the rock beneath it.

Which type of landform will develop if the river continues to flow along a straight path?

Valley
Dune
Glacier
Meander

A

Valley

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20
Q

Which landform is produced when sediment is eroded from one side of a river and deposited on the other side?

Valley
Dune
Waterfall
Meander

A

Meander

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21
Q

Where is metamorphic rock found in the rock cycle?

After erosion and deposition
After folding and cracking
After heat and pressure
After melting and cooling

A

After heat and pressure

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22
Q

A student makes the diagram of the rock cycle that is shown here.

Which description should the student place on arrow A?

Melting and cooling
Heat and pressure
Erosion and deposition
Folding and cracking

A

Erosion and deposition

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23
Q

The rock layers shown in the illustration have not been disturbed or overturned.

Which type of environment was present in this region most recently, based on these rock layers?

A hot, high-pressure mountain
A volcano
A warm, shallow sea
A magma chamber

A

A warm, shallow sea

24
Q

The rock layers shown in the illustration have not been disturbed or overturned.

What can be inferred about the geologic history of this area from these rock layers?

It has experienced frequent volcanic eruptions.
It was exposed to high heat and pressure, and then experienced deposition.
It experienced deposition, and then was exposed to high heat and pressure.
It was once located in a magma chamber.

A

It was exposed to high heat and pressure, and then experienced deposition.

25
Q

Through which layer of the atmosphere does a mountaineer climbing a tall mountain ascend?

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

A

Troposphere

26
Q

A meteorologist is studying the formation of a hurricane.

Which layer of the atmosphere is the meteorologist studying?

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

A

Troposphere

27
Q

During heavy rains, the soil on a farm is washed away into a nearby river.

Which parts of the water cycle result in this loss of soil?

Choose 2 answers

Precipitation
Infiltration
Runoff
Evaporation

A

Precipitation

Runoff

28
Q

Snow falls from the atmosphere and accumulates on a glacier.

Which part of the water cycle does this process represent?

Precipitation
Infiltration
Evaporation
Runoff

A

Precipitation

29
Q

A gardener is working in a garden on a hot, humid day. Suddenly, clouds begin to form. Within a few hours, gusty winds and a thunderstorm are passing through the area. After the storms pass, the weather is clear and much cooler.

What caused this change in weather?

A high pressure system rested over the area.
A low pressure system rested over the area.
A cold front moved through the area.
A warm front moved through the area.

A

A cold front moved through the area.

30
Q

A hiker needs to select a day for a hike. The hiker examines weather forecasts for the next several days.

Which day should the hike be planned for, if the hiker wants to hike on a clear day with no clouds?

A day when a high pressure system rests over the area
A day when a low pressure system rests over the area
A day when a warm front moves through
A day when a cold front moves through

A

A day when a high pressure system rests over the area

31
Q

Which of these is an example of climate change caused by natural variation?

The low rainfall that helped produce the dust bowl in the American Great Plains

The increase in the Sahara desert’s area from overgrazing by farm animals in North Africa

The decrease in average humidity of the air from draining swampland in an area

The decrease of rainfall from cutting down the trees in a rainforest

A

The low rainfall that helped produce the dust bowl in the American Great Plains

32
Q

What is an example of climate change that can be caused by human activity?

Changes in average temperature from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide
Changes in average temperature from changes in the sun’s energy emission
Changes in average temperature over Earth’s history from changes in Earth’s tilt
Changes in temperature from the onset of the last ice age

A

Changes in average temperature from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide

33
Q

Earth formed from dust and gases surrounding the sun.

Which force pulled the dust and gases together to form Earth?

Gravitational
Electrical
Magnetic
Frictional

A

Gravitational

34
Q

A galaxy consists of many stars in the same large region of space.

Which phenomenon leads stars to group together to form a galaxy?

Gravity between stars
Electrical attraction
Random coincidence
Nuclear force between ions

A

Gravity between stars

35
Q

Which season is it in Japan and in Australia when Earth is in the position shown in the diagram?

Summer in both Japan and Australia
Winter in both Japan and Australia
Winter in Japan and summer in Australia
Summer in Japan and winter in Australia

A

Winter in Japan and summer in Australia

36
Q

What is true during summer in the northern hemisphere?

Earth is closer to the sun than during the winter.
Earth rotates more slowly than in the winter.
The northern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than in the winter.
The northern hemisphere is tilted less toward the sun than in the winter.

A

The northern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than in the winter.

37
Q

Which position on the diagram represents Earth’s location in its orbit during winter at a weather station near Earth’s south pole?

A
B
C
D

A

A

38
Q

The Dust Bowl occurred during the 1930s in the Midwest when a drought killed most of the crop plants in the region. Which agent of erosion was most important in causing the loss of the loose, dry soil left behind?

glaciers

gravity

wind

water

A

wind

39
Q

At which location are volcanoes and earthquakes most likely?

at boundaries between diverging tectonic plates

at the elevated areas surrounding divergent boundaries

at deep sea trenches

at boundaries between converging tectonic plates

A

at boundaries between converging tectonic plates

40
Q

The trade winds are prevailing winds that blow over long distances. Their paths curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. Which process causes their paths to curve?

Earth orbiting the sun

gravity from the moon

gravity from the sun

Earth spinning on its axis

A

Earth spinning on its axis

41
Q

What is groundwater?

water in lakes

water in rivers and streams

water that soaks into the soil

water in ice covering the ground

A

water that soaks into the soil

42
Q

In winter, the prevailing winds from west to east pass over the relatively warm waters of the Great Lakes. At Watertown, NY, on the Eastern edge of Lake Ontario, the land rises and the winds force warm moist air upward.

What kind of winter weather would this make more likely in Watertown when the wind from the west is strong and the air is cold?

thunderstorms

hurricanes

snow storms

clear skies

A

snow storms

43
Q

When a cold front moves into an area with warmer air, what are the likely consequences?

warm air being pushed upward, which may produce precipitation

hurricanes from the violent mixing of the air

no interaction between air masses as they move by

clear sunny weather as the two air masses simply mix

A

warm air being pushed upward, which may produce precipitation

44
Q

How does the greenhouse effect help trap thermal energy from the sun?

Greenhouse gases absorb ultraviolet light that might reach the ground.

Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation from the ground.

Greenhouse gases increase the solar energy reaching Earth.

Greenhouse gases absorb visible light reflected by the ground.

A

Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation from the ground.

45
Q

Which of these is MOST likely to be happening when Earth is closest to the sun during the year?

Fourth of July fireworks in New York.

A spring festival in Washington D.C.

A snowy New Year’s Eve in Boston.

Tree leaves turning autumn brown In Vermont.

A

A snowy New Year’s Eve in Boston.

46
Q 
Earth’s outer core is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
 MOSTLY because of its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
.
Liquid
Solid

Pressure
Temperature

A

Liquid

Temperature

47
Q

Some large rivers such as the Mississippi form a delta where they meet the ocean, with land forming that extends into the sea. The formation of a delta is the result of ____________
upstream where the flow is more energetic and ________
where the flow is less rapid.

Deposition
Erosion

Deposition
Further erosion

A

Erosion

Deposition

48
Q

Which of these is an example of a mineral?

granite (composed of quartz and feldspar)

basalt (made of various silicon compounds)

petroleum (composed of hydrocarbon compounds)

calcite (composed of calcium carbonate)

A

calcite (composed of calcium carbonate)

49
Q

The correct chronological order of these events in Earth’s history was:

first

then

then

then
.

Evolution and extinction of dinosaurs
Evolution of birds
Evolution of fish
Humans

A

Evolution of fish
Evolution of birds
Evolution and extinction of dinosaurs
Humans

50
Q

Some of the continents have shapes that seem to fit each other almost like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Evidence of the explanation that plate tectonics provides includes _______________ (list all that apply).

the existence of the Coriolis force

the global Conveyor Belt deep ocean current

fossils found on well-separated continents

measurements of continental drift

A

measurements of continental drift

51
Q

Which of these are the two MOST abundant gases in our atmosphere?

Nitrogen and oxygen

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Nitrogen and carbon dioxide

Oxygen and water vapor

A

Nitrogen and oxygen

52
Q 
As height above sea level increases, the air pressure in our atmosphere \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
, and the density of the air \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
.
Decrease
increase
stays the same

decrease
increase
stays the same

A

Decrease

Decrease

53
Q

The atmospheric pressure meteorologists refer to in speaking of weather is __________.

the weight of a cubic meter of air at sea level

the difference in force from the air on opposite sides of a surface

the total force from the air acting on the area of interest

the force from the air divided by the area on which it acts

A

the force from the air divided by the area on which it acts

54
Q

What states of matter of water can be involved in the hydrologic cycle?

solid

liquid

gas

all three

A

all three

55
Q

Which of these is the cause of a hurricane?

a warm front meeting a cold front

a low pressure and high pressure area meeting

air being cooled as the wind pushes it upward over a hill

warm ocean water producing an upflow of warm moist air

A

warm ocean water producing an upflow of warm moist air

56
Q

What is the MOST abundant greenhouse gas in Earth’s atmosphere?

carbon dioxide

methane

water

ozone

A

water

Integrated Physical Sciences – C165 (4 decks)

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