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CC-2224 Chemistry Paper 2 Topics > C15(Using Our Resources) > Flashcards

C15(Using Our Resources) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is rusting

A

The corrosion of iron

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2
Q

Oxygen and water are needed for iron to ..

A

Rust

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3
Q

How do you prevent rusting

A

Provide a barrier between iron and any oxygen and water

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4
Q

What is sacrificial protection

A

Attaching metals that are more reactive than iron on iron to stop it from rusting

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5
Q

Alloys are harder than pure metals because …

A

The regular layers in a pure metal are distorted by differently sized atoms in an alloy

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6
Q

How are steel alloys formed

A

Carefully controlled quantities of carbon and other elements are added to iron

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7
Q

What are the examples of steels

A

-high carbon steels- which are hard but brittle
-low carbon steels- which are softer and easily shaped
-stainless steels- which are resistant to corrosion

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8
Q

Monomers affect the properties of …

A

The polymers that they produce

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9
Q

Changing reaction conditions can …

A

Change the properties of the polymer that is produced

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10
Q

What are thermosoftening polymers

A

Polymers that will soften or melt easily when heated because their intermolecular forces are weak

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11
Q

What are thermosetting polymers

A

Polymers that do not soften because of their cross linking but will eventually char if heated very strongly

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12
Q

What is soda lime glass

A

made by heating a mixture of limestone, sand and sodium carbonate (soda) until it melts

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13
Q

What is borosilicate glass

A

made using sand and boron trioxide and has a higher melting point than soda-lime glass

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14
Q

What are clay ceramics

A

These are hardened materials that resist compressive forces

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15
Q

Polymers are …

A

-Poor conductors of heat and electricity
-Good insulators

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16
Q

What are composites

A

-Made from two components: reinforcement and matrix
-The reinforcement material is embedded in the matrix material which acts as a binder

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17
Q

The properties of composites depend on..

A

The reinforcement and matrix used

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18
Q

What are the reactants of the haber process

A

Hydrogen and nitrogen

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19
Q

What are the stages of the harber process

A

-H2 and N2 gases are pumped into the compressor through pipes
-The gases are compressed to about 200 atmospheres inside the compressor
-The pressurised gases are pumped into a tank containing layers of catalytic iron beads at a temperature of 450°C
-Unreacted H2 and N2 and product ammonia pass into a cooling tank.
-The ammonia is liquefied and removed to pressurised storage vessels
-The unreacted H2 and N2 gases are recycled back into the system

20
Q

In the haber process the raw materials are…

A

-Readily available and inexpensive to purify
-Nitrogen —> from the air
-Hydrogen —> from natural gas

21
Q

If the cost of extraction of raw materials is too high then …

A

The process is no longer economically viable

22
Q

A higher temperature would favour …

A

Backward reaction as it is endothermic so a higher yield of reactants will be made

23
Q

A lower temperature would favour …

A

Forward reaction as it is exothermic so higher yield of products will be made

24
Q

A lower pressure will favour …

A

Backward reaction so a higher of reactants will be made

25
Q

A higher pressure would favour …

A

Forward reaction so a higher of products will be made

26
Q

High pressures can be ..

A

Dangerous and very expensive

27
Q

The presence of a catalyst does not …

A

Affect the position of equilibrium but it does increase the rate at which equilibrium is reached

28
Q

The concentration of reactants and products is the …

A

Same at equilibrium

29
Q

What are fertilisers made from

A

Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus

30
Q

Nitrogen promotes …

A

Healthy leaves

31
Q

Potassium promotes …

A

Growth

32
Q

Phosphorous promotes …

A

Healthy roots

33
Q

Fertiliser compounds contain

A

Ammonium ions, NH4+
nitrate ions, NO3-
Phosphate ions, PO43-
Potassium ions, K+

34
Q

Examples of fertilisers

A
35
Q

How is ammonium nitrate formed

A

NH3 (aq) + HNO3 (aq) → NH4NO3 (aq)

36
Q

How is ammonium phosphate formed

A

NH3 (aq) + H3PO4 (aq) —> (NH4)3PO4

37
Q

How is the single superphosphate(calcium phosphate+calcium sulfate) formed

A

Sulfuric acid + phosphate rock —> calcium phosphate + calcium sulfate

38
Q

How is the triple superphosphate(calcium phosphate) formed

A

Phosphoric acid + phosphorus rock —> calcium phosphate

39
Q

How is calcium nitrate formed

A

Phosphate rock + nitric acid —> calcium nitrate

40
Q

How is phosphoric acid formed

A

Phosphorus rock + nitric acid —> phosphoric acid

41
Q

How is ammonia formed

A

Haber process

42
Q

How are phosphate fertilisers made

A
43
Q

What is the 1st method to make nitrogen fertilisers

A
44
Q

What is the 2nd method to make nitrogen fertilisers

A
45
Q

What are the 2 methods to make fertilisers

A

CC-2224 Chemistry Paper 2 Topics (9 decks)

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