C14, Terror State Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Heinrich Himmler

A

Leader SS

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2
Q

How did Himmler gain control over SS, SD and Gestapo in 1936

A

Exploited tensions between Goering and Flick, shift of power

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3
Q

How Himmler’s position was strengthened in 1939

A

Reich Security Department Headquaters, all party and police under SS control

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4
Q

Role of SS

A

Hitler Personal Bodyguards

Ran conc camps

Eventually took over Gestapo 1936

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5
Q

Role of Gestapo

A

Small no agents

Relied on informants and ‘myth’ over surveillance to find enemies

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6
Q

Role of SD

A

Internal security service

Monitor Public opinion

Led by Heydrich

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7
Q

What were ‘Block Wardens’

A

In charge of Mazi loyalty in local area

Collected donation, wrote reports ext

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8
Q

When were concentration camps first used?

A

1933

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9
Q

How many informers were part of the Gestapo

A

160,000

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10
Q

How the courts were manipulated

A

Front of German Law (April 1933) those in legal professions dependant on Nazis

Nazi Special Courts (1933)

Peoples court (1934) dealt with pol crimes, Nazi judges no jurie

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11
Q

Overall view on Nazi support v resistance

A

Support through propaganda and Gestapo

Was resistance which demonstrated failure of volksgemeinschaft

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12
Q

SPD resistance + extent

A

Voted against enabling act

but suffered violence from SS, party support limited

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13
Q

KPD resistance + extent

A

More active, factory cell establishments

but oppression from party, 10% members killed

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14
Q

Resistance by workers + extent

A

1935 37 strikers in Rhineland ext, sabotaged machines

but German Labour front, 1938 penalties for strikes

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15
Q

Resistance by Protestant Church + extent

A

Confessional church, protect independence and resist Aryan paragraph

but 1937 700 pastors imprisoned, many members loyal to Hitler

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16
Q

Resistance by Catholic Church + extent

A

More united centralised power, 1937 Pope message

but nothing more than narrow resistance

17
Q

Resistance by the youth

A

Did not attend weekly parades

Formed ‘youth cliques’

Meuten Gang, flourished in Communist areas in Leipzig

18
Q

Resistance by Elites + extent

A

1939 escalation of foreign policy meant scared of unprepared war, Generals considered Hitler threat to ‘old’ Germany

but many shared racial views and supported

19
Q

Nazi Newspaper stats

A

4700 privately owned

27 Daily newspapers

20
Q

Failures of newspaper reports

A

Limited circulation due to repetitiveness

21
Q

Nazi radio importance

A

Directly speak to people

In homes and public spaced

Reich Radio company

22
Q

What percentage of people had Radios in homes

A

70%

23
Q

Importance of parades and spectacles

A

Good discipline

Physical proof of support

24
Q

Failures of parades and spectacles

A

People felt forced to comply, not willing

It was not showing support but more to gain support

25
Q

Importance of Nazi cinema

A

Propaganda

Promoted escapism, distract people from problems and increase morale

Build on gender and racial roles

26
Q

Failures of Nazi cinema

A

Most capable left

Reichsfilmkammer regulated industry

High production budgets

27
Q

Stats for exportation of films from 1933 to 1937

A

44% to 7%

28
Q

Role of Joseph Goebbels

A

Ministry responsible for all propaganda

Mass production of cheap radio

Control of Art and culture

29
Q

Hitler myth, image v reality

A

Hitler working tirelessly but was lazy

Hitler made all decisions, but left others to decide

Gov was efficient but it was chaos

Gov was in unity of methods but many internal battles

30
Q

Examples of internal battles in gov

A

Ministries of economics, labour and agriculture

Transport and Todt org which dealt with defences

Office of 4 year plan

31
Q

Agencies claiming responsibility for Anti-Semitism + leaders

A

Frick, interior

Goering, Prussian interior

Himmler, SS

Goebbels, Propaganda

32
Q

Examples of conflicting policies

A

Violence against Jews

Definition of citizenship

33
Q

Agencies claiming economic responsibility + Figures

A

Pres of Reichbank and ministry of eco, Schact

Ministry of Agriculture, Darre

4 Year plan, Goring

34
Q

Conflicting economic policies

A

Schacht opposed Hitler

Guns and butter not possible, shouldn’t produce low quality goods instead of importing high quality