C1.3 Acids Flashcards
Give the definition and an example of a chemical that is toxic.
Definition- can cause death by ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the skin.
Example- Hydrogen cyanide.
What does corrosive mean?
Attacks and destroys matter.
What are the three sections on the pH scale (0-14)?
0-6.9- Acidic
7- Neutral
7.1-14- Alkali (a base)
What is formed when an acid and a base react together?
A salt and water.
What type of reaction is acid and base?
A neutralisation reaction.
What are some of the uses of salts?
In fertilisers eg ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate.
In fireworks as colouring agents eg calcium chloride, copper chloride.
What are some of the uses of stomach acid?
It helps with digestion by breaking down food.
It helps to kill bacteria, reducing the risk of food poisoning.
How can you test an indigestion remedy for effectiveness?
By adding acid and measuring how much you add.
What is a burette?
A tall thin measuring tube with a tap at the bottom.
What is the working ingredient in indigestion remedies?
A base (usually calcium carbonate).
What happens when acid is reacted with metal oxides or metal hydroxides?
A salt and water is formed as metal oxides and hydroxides are bases.
What does hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric acid produce in a neutralisation reaction?
Hydrochloric acid- a chloride
Sulphuric acid- a sulphate
Nitric acid- a nitrate.
What does the reaction between acid and a metal carbonate produce?
Acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide.
What does the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate produce?
Sodium chloride (salt), water and carbon dioxide.
What does electrolysis?
Splitting up with electricity.
What is an electrolyte?
A liquid that can conduct electricity during electrolysis.
What does Hydrochloric acid decompose into during electrolysis?
Hydrogens gas and chlorine gas.
What is the test for chlorine gas?
Chlorine bleaches damp litmus paper.
What is the test for hydrogen?
It makes a lit splint go out with a squeaky pop.
How can chlorine gas be produced by electrolysis?
Electrolysis of sea water (sodium chloride solution).
What are three industrial uses of chlorine gas?
It is used to treat water supplies to kill micro-organisms.
It is needed to manufacture bleach.
It is used to make the polymer(chloroethene)- PVC.
