C1.2 Materials From The Earth Flashcards
What are the three steps to form Sedimentary rocks?
- Sediment is deposited at the bottom of the sea.
- Over millions of years the layers get buried under more layers. The weight squeezes out water.
- Fluids flowing through the pores deposit natural mineral cement.
What are some examples of sedimentary rocks?
Limestone and Chalk
How strong are sedimentary rocks?
They are weak- they are easily eroded.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
When lots of heat and pressure is applied to sedimentary rocks.
What is Marble formed from?
Limestone or Chalk.
How are igneous rocks formed?
When molten magma cools.
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
A rock that has cooled quickly above ground, with small crystals eg basalt and rhyolite. They are smooth.
What is an intrusive igneous rocks?
An igneous rock that has cooled slowly underground, forming large crystals eg granite and gabbro. They are coarse.
What is the main chemical in Limestone?
Calcium Carbonate.
What is the main use of limestone?
As a building material.
What other building materials can be made out of Limestone?
Cement (heat limestone and powdered clay in a kiln)
Concrete (Add sand, water and gravel to the cement)
Glass (heat with sand and Sodium carbonate).
What are some of the environmental disadvantages of Limestone quarrying?
- It makes ugly holes in the Countryside
- It makes lots of noise
- It destroys habitats of animals and birds
- The lorrys used to transport the limestone away cause pollution
- Waste materials produce unsightly tips.
What are the advantages of Limestone quarrying?
- Limestone products are very useful
- The quarrying provides jobs and can bring more money into a local area
- Landscaping is done after the quarrying is complete.
What is the formula for the Thermal decomposition of Calcium Carbonate?
CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
What is the test for Carbon dioxide?
Pump it into limewater, if the limewater goes milky, carbon dioxide is present.
What do all carbonates give off when they thermally decompose?
Carbon dioxide.
What does calcium oxide and water produce?
Calcium hydroxide.
What chemical is limewater?
Calcium Hydroxide (aq)
What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
They are rearranged.
What happens to the total mass before and after a reaction?
It stays the same.
What is a precipitation reaction?
A reaction where two solutions react to form an insoluble solid.
What is a precipitate?
An insoluble solid formed in a precipitation reaction.
How do you balance equations?
Make sure the number of each element in the same on both sides?
What are state symbols?
Symbols that come after a chemical formula to tell you what state the substance is in.
