C12- Crude Oil And Fuels

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

How is crude oil formed?

Answer 2

Over millions of years from the remains of ancient biomass

Question 3

What are the alkanes?

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons that only have single bonds (unsaturated)

Question 4

What are the first four alkanes?

Answer 4

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

Question 5

What is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 5

CnHn+2

Question 6

How does boiling point depend on the chain length?

Answer 6

The longer the chain length, the higher the melting point

Question 7

How does viscosity depend on chain length?

Answer 7

The longer the chain the higher the viscosity

Question 8

How does flammability depend on chain length?

Answer 8

The longer the chain, the lower the flammability

Question 9

How can the alkanes in crude oil be separated?

Answer 9

Fractional distillation

Question 10

What is a fraction?

Answer 10

A group of alkanes with similar chain lengths

Question 11

Name 5 useful fuels made from fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 11

Petrol
Diesel oil
Kerosene
Heavy fuel oil
Liquified petroleum gases

Question 12

Name 4 useful materials made from crude oil

Answer 12

Solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents

Question 13

What is cracking?

Answer 13

Breaking down long chain hydrocarbons into more useful short chain hydrocarbons

Question 14

What are the two methods for cracking?

Answer 14

Steam and catalytic cracking

Question 15

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 15

Short chain alkanes and alkenes

Question 16

What are alkanes?

Answer 16

Double bonded hydrocarbons- unsaturated

Question 17

What are alkanes used for?

Answer 17

Formation of polymers

Question 18

Which are more reactive, alkanes or alkenes?

Answer 18

Alkenes as they are unsaturated

Question 19

What is the test for alkenes?

Answer 19

React with bromine water, turning it from orange to colourless