C12 7-8

Question 1

Name the association areas?

Answer 1

Premotor cortex,
somatosensory association area,
visual association area,
auditory association area.

Question 2

What do association areas do?

Answer 2

Process and interpret information from primary motor and sensory cortical areas

coordinate a response.

integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences.
Memory banks!

Question 3

What do multimodal association areas do?

Answer 3

1. Integrate information from individual association areas.
2. • Give meaning to the information that we receive, -store it in memory,
   • tie it to previous experience and knowledge,
   • decide what action to take.
3. Receive inputs from multiple senses and send outputs to multiple areas.

Question 4

Name the multimodal association areas

Answer 4

Anterior association area (aka prefrontal cortex),

posterior association area (wernicke’s area),

limbic association area.

Question 5

How is the flow of information for integrating information?

Answer 5

sensory receptors –>
appropriate primary sensory cortex –>
sensory association area –>
multimodal association cortex.

Question 6

Location of the premotor cortex?

Answer 6

Anterior to the precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe

Question 7

Function of Premotor cortex (somatic motor association area)?

Answer 7

DEALS WITH LEARNED MOTOR ACTIVITIES OF A COMPLEX AND SEQUENTIAL NATURE. Coordinates complex movements that are stored here.
Selects and sequences basic motor movements into more complex tasks.
Coordinates the movement of several muscle groups either simultaneously or sequentially.

Question 8

What does the premotor cortex communicate with?

Answer 8

Primary motor cortex,
sensory assn areas,
basal nuclei,
thalamus.

Planned actions are sent to the upper motor neurons in the primary motor cortex which initiates the planned movements.

Question 9

Function of the somatosensory association area?

Answer 9

Integrate sensory input (temp, shape, etc.) from the primary somatosensory cortex to understand the object being FELT:
(its size, texture, and relationship of its parts.)

(i.e., reaching into a pocket the somatosensory assn cortex draws upon stored memories of past sensory experiences to perceive a set of keys.)

Question 10

What would happen if a person had damage to the somatosensory association area?

Answer 10

They would not be able to identify objects by touch without looking at them.

Question 11

Function of the visual association area? 2

Answer 11

REFERENCES past visual experiences to interpret color, form, movement

THEN

INTEGRATES that visual information into a recognizable object.

Question 12

Function of the auditory association area? 2

Answer 12

Interprets the characteristics of sound

stores memories of sounds heard in the past.

Question 13

Function of the anterior/prefrontal association area?

Answer 13

Most complicated cortical region.

intellect–cognition–working memory

reasoning-judgement-complex learning-recall-working memory
personality, persistence and planning

Question 14

Function of the posterior association area? 3

Answer 14

binding different sensory inputs as a whole.

Recognizing patterns and faces,

localizing us and surroundings in space-(Awarenesss of the entire scene)

Question 15

Wernicke’s area

Answer 15

Integrates all somatosensory/visual/auditory info being processed by the association areas within these lobes: parietal, occipital, temporal.

Language comprehension, determine if a sound is speech or noise

Question 16

Function of the limbic association area?

Answer 16

Provides the emotional impact that makes a scene important to us.

Emotional memory (hippocampus)

Question 17

What results from damage to the premotor cortex?

Answer 17

Loss of motor skills programmed by that region. Does not impair muscle strength and the ability to perform discrete individual movements. i.e. Keyboard - could still type, not with same speed.

Question 18

What would happen to a person with a damaged primary visual cortex vs. a person with a damaged visual association area?

Answer 18

Person with the damaged visual cortex would be blind. Person with the damaged visual association area can see, but not comprehend what they see.

Question 19

What would damage to the anterior association area cause?

Answer 19

May cause mental and personality disorders - lack of judgement, inhibitions, attentiveness, oblivious to social restraints.

Question 20

What would damage to the posterior association area cause?

Answer 20

May refuse to wash or dress the side of the body opposite the lesion because “that doesn’t belong to me.” (awareness of self in space disturbed)

Question 21

Explain the phenomenon of cerebral lateralization

Answer 21

There is a division of labor between cerebral hemispheres.
Each hemisphere has unique abilities not shared by the other half.
They have specialized to eliminate redundancy.

Question 22

How is lateralization evolutionary?

Answer 22

It is also seen in other species.

Question 23

Identify the functions of the left hemisphere in most individuals.

Answer 23

Verbal memory, 
speech motor area, 
wernicke's area, 
right hand control, 
language, 
math, 
sequential and analytical reasoning, 
categorization, 
symbols.

Question 24

Identify the functions of the right hemisphere in most individuals.

Answer 24

Memory for shapes,
left hand control,
musical/artistic ability,
recognition of faces and spatial relationships, comparison of sights/sounds/smells/tastes.

Question 25

Wernike’s aphasia

Answer 25

Can form words, but what comes out is incoherent, random words. Language comprehension center damaged. Can’t understand written or spoken language.