C12 1-4 Flashcards
Identify the four major regions of the adult brain.
Cerebral hemispheres, dicephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
Where are grey and white matter found in the brain?
CNS consists of a central cavity surrounded by grey matter core (motor neurons, interneurons, some unmyelinated axons), external to which is white matter.
The cerebrum and cerebellum have an out grey matter layer, which is scattered to grey matter nuclei in the spinal cord.
Describe the anatomy of the ventricles of the brain.
Continuous with each other + central canal of the spinal cord.
They are filled with CSF and lined with ependymal cells.
Describe the location of the lateral ventricles of the brain.
C-shaped, deep within each cerebral hemisphere
Describe the location of the third ventricles of the brain.
Narrow, within the diencephalon
Describe the location of the fourth ventricles of the brain.
Lies between the pons and the cerebellum
Gyri
Elevated ridges of tissue
Sulci
Shallow grooves, mark entire surface of cerebral hemispheres
Fissure
Deeper grooves, separate large regions
How much mass of the brain do the cerebral hemispheres account for?
83%
Basic regions of each cerebral hemisphere?
Superficial cerebral cortex of grey matter, internal white matter, basal nuclei (islands of grey matter situated deep within the white matter.)
Cerebral cortex
The outer grey matter region of the central hemispheres
Cerebrum
The cerebral hemishperes (incl. the cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei)
Lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula
Frontal lobe. 10
Voluntary motor fctn, verbal comms, sense of smell
decision making, concentration, planning
motivation, aggression, personality,
mood
Parietal lobe. 1
Receiving and evaluating most sensory information - general senses
(not smell hearing and vision)
Occipital lobe 2
Receives and integrates visual input
stores visual memories
Temporal lobe. 3
Receives and evaluates input for smell and hearing
plays a role in memory
Ant/inf portions are “psychic cortex” - abstract thought, judgement.
Insula (lobe…). 4
social emotions - lust, pride, guilt.
cravings,
pain anticipation,
empathy.
What are the cerebral hemispheres separated by at the midline?
Longitudinal fissure (separates brain into left and right)
What separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum?
transverse cerebral fissure (separates cerebelum from the rest of the brain)
Where is the central sulcus?
It extends across the lateral surface of the cerebrum, about midway along the length of the brain. (separates the frontal and parietal lobe)
Where and what is the precentral gyrus?
Anterior to the central sulcus, it is the primary motor cortex
Where and what is the postcentral gyrus?
Posterior to the central sulcus, it is the primary somatosensory cortex
Where is the lateral sulcus?
It separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes.
What does the cerebral cortex allow us to do?
Where our conscious mind is found - allows us to
- be aware of ourselves
- be aware of sensations
- communicate
- remember
- understand
- initiate voluntary movements
What is the cerebral cortex made of?
Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glia, blood vessels. No fiber tracts!
What are the functional areas of the cerebral cortex?
Motor/Sensory/Association
Motor areas?
control voluntary motor functions
Sensory areas?
provide for the conscious awareness of sensation
Receive raw data
Association areas?
integrate diverse information for purposeful action
Memory banks
Ventricle layout
Lat vent -- septum pellucidum -- Lat vent
|
interventricular foramina
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3rd vent
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Cerebral aqueduct
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4th vent
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Central canal
