C11. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a general formula?

Answer 1

Algebraic formula that can be applied to chemicals in a homologous family

Question 2

What is a molecular formula?

Answer 2

Actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 3

What is an empirical formula?

Answer 3

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 4

What is a structural formula?

Answer 4

Formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a compound, does not show the bond between them

Question 5

What is a skeletal formula?

Answer 5

Show bonds of carbon carbon skeleton only; functional groups are shown, hydrogen and carbon atoms are not

Question 6

What is a display formula?

Answer 6

Shows Arrangement of atoms and all bonds and atoms in a compound

Question 7

What is a homologous series?

Answer 7

Group of compounds that have the same functional group and general formula

Question 8

What are the IUPAC nomenclature rules?

Answer 8

Stem name, longest continuous carbon chain; functional group, suffix; number carbon chain, functional group lowest number; Carbon number functional group is on, before suffix; side chains / lesser functional group, prefixes in alphabetical order;

Question 9

What does a mechanism indicate?

Answer 9

movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

Question 10

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 10

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure arrangement of atoms

Question 11

What is a chain isomer?

Answer 11

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of carbon skeleton, their longest hydrocarbon chain is not the same

Question 12

What is a positional isomer?

Answer 12

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different position of functional groups

Question 13

What is a functional group isomer?

Answer 13

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 14

What is a stereoisomer?

Answer 14

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 15

Why does stereoisomerism occur?

Answer 15

C=C bond and atoms bonded to it are planar; restricted rotation around double bond

Question 16

What are the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules?

Answer 16

Label carbons; atom with highest atomic number bonded to C is highest priority;