C1.1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist
What is an element
An element is made up of many of the same atoms, and can’t be broken down further
What is a compound
A compounds contains 2 or more different elements which are chemically combined in fixed proportions
How is a compound displayed
They are represented by a combination of numbers and chemical symbols e.g H2O
What is a chemical formula
A chemical formula shown the different elements in a compound
What atoms does H2O contain
Two hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
How are compounds separated
A compounds can be split into its individual elements through chemical reactions and electrolysis
What is an atom made up of
Electrons, protons and neutrons
What charges and masses do subatomic particles have
An electron has a charges of -1 and a mass of 0
A proton has a positive charge and mass of 1
A neutron has a charge of 0 and a mass of 1
What is a mixture
A mixture contains 2 or more elements or compounds which are not chemically combined
How can elements or compounds be separated out of a mixture
Through physical processes like simple distillation, filtration, Crystallisation and chromatography
What is filtration and what is it used for
Filtration is used to separate soluble solids from insoluble solids like salt which is soluble and sand which is insoluble, they can be separated by dissolving the salt in water and filtering the remaining solution
What is chromatography and what is it used for
Chromatography is used to separate different soluble solids in a mixture for example a mixture of inks, a drop of ink is placed a chromatography paper and then put in water, over time the most soluble components of the ink travel further up the chromatogram
What is crystallisation and what is it used for
Used to get soluble solids from a solution for example getting salt crystals from salty water, this is done through gently heating the mixture in a basin with a Bunsen burner, the water evaporates leaving behind crystals salts
What is simple distillation and what is it used for
It used to get a solvent from a solution for example inky water, this is done through heating the mixture allowing it to evaporate, the evaporated solution passes through a condenser filled with cold water, it then drips down into a beaker.
Who created the solid sphere atomic model
John dalton
What was the solid sphere model
John dalton discovered that atoms were invisible to the human eye, and that atoms in one element are identical and that compounds are different combinations or different types of atoms not chemically bonded
Who discovered the plum pudding model
J.J Thompson
What is the plum pudding model
Thompson discovered the negatively charged electron, which was positioned within the atom, he showed it through displaying it like a plum pudding and that the electron were the negatively charged berries within a positively charged dough.
Who discovered the nuclear model
Ernest rutherford
What was the nuclear model
Rutherford discovered that the atoms was mostly empty space with a positively charged nucleus in the middle and with negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus.
Who discovered the planetary model
Neils bohr
What was the planetary model
Bohr stated that electrons moved around the nucleus in fixed orbits of fixed sizes and energy.
Who discerned the quantum atom model
Erwin Shrodinger
What was the quantum model
Erwin stated that electron didn’t move is set orbits but in the waves, and that it it impossible to identify the exact location of an electron, but instead their are clouds of productivity where there are most likely to be electrons
