C10. Organic reactions Flashcards
What is an alkene?
Unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a double carbon bond
What is the formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the test for alkenes?
Add bromine water, colour changes from orange to colourless
Describe the combustion of alkenes
They burn with smoky flames due to incomplete combustion
Describe addition reactions of alkenes?
Addition atoms across the carbon-carbon double bond so that the double bonds becomes a single carbon-carbon bond
a) With hydrogen - hydrogenation; requires a higher temperature and a nickel catalyst
b/ With steam - hydration; requires high temperature, pressure and concentrated phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as a catalyst
c) With Br₂/Cl₂/I₂ - addition of halogens
What is an alcohol?
An organic compound that contains an -OH functional group
State characteristics of methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol
- Dissolve in water to form a neutral solution
- React with sodium to form a hydrogen
- Burn in oxygen
- React with carboxylic acids in presence of acid catalyst to form esters
Oxidation of the alcohols leads to?
Carboxylic acids
What are some uses of alcohols
Fuels
Solvents
Drinks
What are carboxylic acids?
Organic compounds that contain a COOH functional group
State the characteristics of carboxylic acids
- Dissolve in water to form an acidic solution (contains H+ ions)
- React with metal carbonates to form carbon dioxide
- Reacts with alcohols with an acid catalyst to produce esters
- React with metals to give off hydrogen gas
What type of acid is carboxylic acid?
A weak acid
Explain why carboxylic acids are weak acids?
They are partially dissociated in water, thus the pH of a carboxylic acid in solution is not as low as a solution of a strong acid of the same concentration
What is an ester and how is it formed?
An organic compound containing a -COO- functional group, formed from carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst
They have a fruity smell
