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Chemistry GCSE > C1. Atomic Structure > Flashcards

C1. Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest part of an element that exits and retains the properties of that element

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made of atoms that all contain the same number if protons and cannot be split into anything simpler

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3
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

Diatomic molecules are elements that exist in nature as two atoms joined together

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4
Q

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

A

An element consists of only one element while a compound consorts of two or more element that are chemically combined

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5
Q

What are products?

A

Products are the new substances which are on the right-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation, formed by the reaction of reactants

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6
Q

What are reactants?

A

Reactants are the substances on the left-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation that react with each other to form new substances/products

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7
Q

What are products?

A

Products are the new substances which are on the right-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation, formed by the reaction of reactants

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8
Q

What does simple distillation separate?

A

A liquid and soluble solid
A pure liquid from a mixture of liquids

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9
Q

State what is meant by the term simple distillation

A

Simple distillation is a technique used to separate a liquid from a solution by boiling the solution and condensing the vapour

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10
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Fractional distillation is a technique used to separate two or more liquids that have different boiling points from a mixture

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11
Q

What does filtration separate?

A

Filtration separates an undissolved solid from a mixture of a solid and liquid

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12
Q

What is crystallisation used for?

A

Crystallisation is used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution

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13
Q

In terms of the solid, what is important about the solvent

A

It is important that the solid (solute) is much more soluble in hot solvent than cold

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14
Q

Which property does paper chromatography depend upon?

A

The solubility of different substances

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15
Q

What is paper chromatography used for?

A

Paper chromatography is used to separate substances that have different solubilities in a given solvent, such as identifying the components of a mixture

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16
Q

What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

A

The mobile phase is the solvent/liquid that travels up the paper

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17
Q

Why should the baseline (starting line) in chromatography be drawn in pencil?

A

The baseline should be drawn in pencil because it will not contaminate the results/ will not run

18
Q

Which technique separates solution with more than one type of dissolved solid?

A

Chromatography

19
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically joined together

20
Q

What type of process can separate a mixture?

A

Physical processes are used to separate mixtures

21
Q

What did Rutherford’s scattering experiment reveal about the atomic structure?

A

Rutherford’s scattering experiment revealed that most of an atom’s mass is concentrated in a region of space at the centre of the atom called the nucleus

22
Q

Who prosed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells?

A

Niels Bohr

23
Q

Which sub atomic particle did James Chadwick provide evidence to show the existence of?

A

Neutrons

24
Q

What happened to the alpha particles during Rutherford’s experiment?

A

Some particles were scattered and a few were deflected directly back

25
Q

Describe the plum pudding model

A

The plum pudding model suggested that the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

26
Q

What are the three subatomic particles that make up atoms?

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

27
Q

What is a proton?

A

A proton is a subatomic particle with a relative charge of +1 found in the nucleus of an atom

28
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0 (neutral)

29
Q

Where is the mass of an atom concentrated?

A

The mass of an atom is concentrated in the positively charged nucleus

30
Q

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom

31
Q

Where are electrons located in atom?

A

Electrons are located in the shells/orbits around an atom

32
Q

How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?

A

The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons

33
Q

What does atomic number tell us about an atom?

A

Atomic number tells us the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

34
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An isotope is an atom of the same element containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

35
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

36
Q

State the equation for Ar in terms of the percentage abundance and mass of isotopes A and B

A

(% of isotope A × mass of isotope A) + (% of isotope B × mass of isotope B) ÷ 100

37
Q

In terms of isotopes, what is abundance?

A

Abundance is the atoms of each isotope present in a sample of an element

38
Q

How can you recognise isotopes from their chemical symbol?

A

Isotopes have the same symbol and same atomic numbers but different mass numbers

39
Q

What is an electronic configuration?

A

An electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in shells

40
Q

What information does the group give about the electronic configuration?

A

The group gives the number of outer electrons

41
Q

What does the last number in an electronic configuration represent?

A

The last number is an electronic configuration represents the number of outer electrons

42
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second and third of shells?

A

The second and third shells can each hold a maximum of 8 electrons

Chemistry GCSE (10 decks)

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