C1. Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

An atom is the smallest part of an element that exits and retains the properties of that element

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

An element is a substance made of atoms that all contain the same number if protons and cannot be split into anything simpler

Question 3

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 3

Diatomic molecules are elements that exist in nature as two atoms joined together

Question 4

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Answer 4

An element consists of only one element while a compound consorts of two or more element that are chemically combined

Question 5

What are products?

Answer 5

Products are the new substances which are on the right-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation, formed by the reaction of reactants

Question 6

What are reactants?

Answer 6

Reactants are the substances on the left-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation that react with each other to form new substances/products

Question 7

What are products?

Answer 7

Products are the new substances which are on the right-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation, formed by the reaction of reactants

Question 8

What does simple distillation separate?

Answer 8

A liquid and soluble solid
A pure liquid from a mixture of liquids

Question 9

State what is meant by the term simple distillation

Answer 9

Simple distillation is a technique used to separate a liquid from a solution by boiling the solution and condensing the vapour

Question 10

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 10

Fractional distillation is a technique used to separate two or more liquids that have different boiling points from a mixture

Question 11

What does filtration separate?

Answer 11

Filtration separates an undissolved solid from a mixture of a solid and liquid

Question 12

What is crystallisation used for?

Answer 12

Crystallisation is used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution

Question 13

In terms of the solid, what is important about the solvent

Answer 13

It is important that the solid (solute) is much more soluble in hot solvent than cold

Question 14

Which property does paper chromatography depend upon?

Answer 14

The solubility of different substances

Question 15

What is paper chromatography used for?

Answer 15

Paper chromatography is used to separate substances that have different solubilities in a given solvent, such as identifying the components of a mixture

Question 16

What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

Answer 16

The mobile phase is the solvent/liquid that travels up the paper

Question 17

Why should the baseline (starting line) in chromatography be drawn in pencil?

Answer 17

The baseline should be drawn in pencil because it will not contaminate the results/ will not run

Question 18

Which technique separates solution with more than one type of dissolved solid?

Answer 18

Chromatography

Question 19

What is a mixture?

Answer 19

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically joined together

Question 20

What type of process can separate a mixture?

Answer 20

Physical processes are used to separate mixtures

Question 21

What did Rutherford’s scattering experiment reveal about the atomic structure?

Answer 21

Rutherford’s scattering experiment revealed that most of an atom’s mass is concentrated in a region of space at the centre of the atom called the nucleus

Question 22

Who prosed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells?

Answer 22

Niels Bohr

Question 23

Which sub atomic particle did James Chadwick provide evidence to show the existence of?

Answer 23

Neutrons

Question 24

What happened to the alpha particles during Rutherford’s experiment?

Answer 24

Some particles were scattered and a few were deflected directly back

Question 25

Describe the plum pudding model

Answer 25

The plum pudding model suggested that the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 26

What are the three subatomic particles that make up atoms?

Answer 26

Protons Neutrons Electrons

Question 27

What is a proton?

Answer 27

A proton is a subatomic particle with a relative charge of +1 found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 28

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 28

0 (neutral)

Question 29

Where is the mass of an atom concentrated?

Answer 29

The mass of an atom is concentrated in the positively charged nucleus

Question 30

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

Answer 30

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom

Question 31

Where are electrons located in atom?

Answer 31

Electrons are located in the shells/orbits around an atom

Question 32

How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 32

The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons

Question 33

What does atomic number tell us about an atom?

Answer 33

Atomic number tells us the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 34

What is an isotope?

Answer 34

An isotope is an atom of the same element containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 35

What is the mass number of an atom?

Answer 35

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 36

State the equation for Ar in terms of the percentage abundance and mass of isotopes A and B

Answer 36

(% of isotope A × mass of isotope A) + (% of isotope B × mass of isotope B) ÷ 100

Question 37

In terms of isotopes, what is abundance?

Answer 37

Abundance is the atoms of each isotope present in a sample of an element

Question 38

How can you recognise isotopes from their chemical symbol?

Answer 38

Isotopes have the same symbol and same atomic numbers but different mass numbers

Question 39

What is an electronic configuration?

Answer 39

An electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in shells

Question 40

What information does the group give about the electronic configuration?

Answer 40

The group gives the number of outer electrons

Question 41

What does the last number in an electronic configuration represent?

Answer 41

The last number is an electronic configuration represents the number of outer electrons

Question 42

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second and third of shells?

Answer 42

The second and third shells can each hold a maximum of 8 electrons