C1. Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest part of an element that exits and retains the properties of that element
What is an element?
An element is a substance made of atoms that all contain the same number if protons and cannot be split into anything simpler
What is a diatomic molecule?
Diatomic molecules are elements that exist in nature as two atoms joined together
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element consists of only one element while a compound consorts of two or more element that are chemically combined
What are products?
Products are the new substances which are on the right-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation, formed by the reaction of reactants
What are reactants?
Reactants are the substances on the left-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation that react with each other to form new substances/products
What are products?
Products are the new substances which are on the right-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation, formed by the reaction of reactants
What does simple distillation separate?
A liquid and soluble solid
A pure liquid from a mixture of liquids
State what is meant by the term simple distillation
Simple distillation is a technique used to separate a liquid from a solution by boiling the solution and condensing the vapour
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is a technique used to separate two or more liquids that have different boiling points from a mixture
What does filtration separate?
Filtration separates an undissolved solid from a mixture of a solid and liquid
What is crystallisation used for?
Crystallisation is used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution
In terms of the solid, what is important about the solvent
It is important that the solid (solute) is much more soluble in hot solvent than cold
Which property does paper chromatography depend upon?
The solubility of different substances
What is paper chromatography used for?
Paper chromatography is used to separate substances that have different solubilities in a given solvent, such as identifying the components of a mixture
What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?
The mobile phase is the solvent/liquid that travels up the paper
Why should the baseline (starting line) in chromatography be drawn in pencil?
The baseline should be drawn in pencil because it will not contaminate the results/ will not run
Which technique separates solution with more than one type of dissolved solid?
Chromatography
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically joined together
What type of process can separate a mixture?
Physical processes are used to separate mixtures
What did Rutherford’s scattering experiment reveal about the atomic structure?
Rutherford’s scattering experiment revealed that most of an atom’s mass is concentrated in a region of space at the centre of the atom called the nucleus
Who prosed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells?
Niels Bohr
Which sub atomic particle did James Chadwick provide evidence to show the existence of?
Neutrons
What happened to the alpha particles during Rutherford’s experiment?
Some particles were scattered and a few were deflected directly back
Describe the plum pudding model
The plum pudding model suggested that the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it
What are the three subatomic particles that make up atoms?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is a proton?
A proton is a subatomic particle with a relative charge of +1 found in the nucleus of an atom
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0 (neutral)
Where is the mass of an atom concentrated?
The mass of an atom is concentrated in the positively charged nucleus
Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom
Where are electrons located in atom?
Electrons are located in the shells/orbits around an atom
How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?
The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons
What does atomic number tell us about an atom?
Atomic number tells us the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom of the same element containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What is the mass number of an atom?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
State the equation for Ar in terms of the percentage abundance and mass of isotopes A and B
(% of isotope A × mass of isotope A) + (% of isotope B × mass of isotope B) ÷ 100
In terms of isotopes, what is abundance?
Abundance is the atoms of each isotope present in a sample of an element
How can you recognise isotopes from their chemical symbol?
Isotopes have the same symbol and same atomic numbers but different mass numbers
What is an electronic configuration?
An electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in shells
What information does the group give about the electronic configuration?
The group gives the number of outer electrons
What does the last number in an electronic configuration represent?
The last number is an electronic configuration represents the number of outer electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second and third of shells?
The second and third shells can each hold a maximum of 8 electrons
