C10- Organic Reactions Flashcards
Alkene General Formula
CnH2n
First 4 Alkenes
Ethene, Propene, Butene, Pentene
Test for products: CO2 & H2O
CO2: turns lime water cloudy
H2O: pops with lighted splint
Addition reaction of Alkenes: WHY?
C=C double bond makes them more reactive than Alkenes so take part in additions reactions
Addition reactions of Alkenes: HOW?
Atoms/molecules added to carbons either side of double bond
Addition of Halogens: HOW?
C2H4+Br2 ~ C2H4Br2
Addition of Hydrogen: WHY?
Adding hydrogen changes as unsaturated alkene into a saturated alkane (60 degrees and nickel catalyst)
Addition of Hydrogen: HOW?
Hydrogenation: reaction between pent-1-end and H2
Reaction with Water
Add water to alkene gives alcohol (high temp, high press & catalyst): ethene+water~ethanol
Alcohols: Function group, first four
-OH group
Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol, Pentanol
Carboxylic Acids: function group, first four
-COOH
Methanoic acid, Ethanoic acid, Propanoic acid, Butanoic acid
Esters: function group, only one
-COO-
Ethyl ethanoate
Manufacturing of ethanol
1) fermentation by yeast (anaerobic respiration)
2) hydration of ethene
Combustion of Ethanol
C2H5OH+3O2 ~ 2CO2+3H2O
Reaction with Sodium
sodium+ethanol ~ sodium ethoxide+ hydrogen
2Na+2C2H5OH ~ 2C2H5ONa+H2
Oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid
ethanol+oxidising agent ~ ethanoic acid+hydrogen
CH3CH2OH+2[O] ~ CH3COOH+H2O
Reactions of Carboxylic Acid
Acid+Metal ~ Salt+Hydrogen
Acid+Base ~ Salt+Water
Acid+Carbonate ~ Salt+Water+Carbo Dioxide
Carboxylic Acids: weak acids
Equilibrium: left
Pressure: no effect (same no of moles and not gases)
Dissacociate: not fully in water
Making Esters: general reaction
Carboxylic acid+alcohol ~ ester+water
Reactants for Combustion of Alkenes
Alkene and Oxygen
Products of Combustion of Alkenes
Carbon dioxide and Water
