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BFS - Meteorology > C10 - Low Level Winds > Flashcards

C10 - Low Level Winds Flashcards

1
Q

Define Wind?

A

Sustained horizontal movement of Air.

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2
Q

Define Wind Velocity?

A

Wind Speed and Direction.

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3
Q

Wind Direction is given using ‘____’ North and indicates the direction ‘____’ which the Wind blows (2)?

A
  • True.

- From.

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4
Q

What is a Westerly Wind?

A

Wind coming from W/270°.

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5
Q

What direction does the Wind change if it is said to be Backing?

A

Anti-clockwise.

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6
Q

What direction does the Wind change if it is said to be Veering?

A

Clockwise.

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7
Q

Approximately 1 mps (metre per second) is equal to what in Knot?

A

2 kt.

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8
Q

A sudden increase in Wind Speed, often with a change in direction, lasting only a few seconds. What am I?

A

Gust.

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9
Q

A sudden increase in Wind Speed, often with a change in direction, lasting for some minutes. What am I?

A

Squall.

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10
Q

A ‘____’ is a sudden decrease in Wind Speed?

A

Lull.

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11
Q

A straight line from a circle shows what on Weather Charts?

A

Where this wind is blowing to.

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12
Q

On a Weather Charts, if the Wind Velocity Line has a feather point out, how much does this represent?

A

10 kt.

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13
Q

On a Weather Charts, if the Wind Velocity Line has a black triangle, how much does this represent?

A

50 kt.

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14
Q

On a Weather Charts, if the Wind Velocity Line has a small feather point out, how much does this represent?

A

5 kt.

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15
Q

On a Weather Charts, if the Wind Velocity Line has a small feather, 2 feather lines and a black triangle, how much does this represent?

A

75 kt.

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16
Q

Surface wind is defined as the Wind Velocity at ‘____’ Above Ground Level?

A

33 ft.

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17
Q

What is the maximum speed of a Wind Sock?

A

20 kt.

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18
Q

The ‘____’ is the force that acts from areas of High-Pressure towards areas of Low-Pressure?

A

Pressure Gradient Force.

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19
Q

Closely spaced Isobars indicate a ‘____’ Pressure Gradient Force and thus ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • Large.

- Strong Winds.

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20
Q

Widely spaced Isobars indicate a ‘____’ Pressure Gradient Force and thus ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • Weak.

- Light Wings.

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21
Q

‘____’ is an effect caused by the rotation of the Earth?

A

Coriolis.

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22
Q

Coriolis Force acts at ‘____’ to the ‘____’ of the Wind in the Northern Hemisphere (2)?

A
  • 90°.

- Right.

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23
Q

Coriolis Force acts at ‘____’ to the ‘____’ of the Wind in the Southern Hemisphere (2)?

A
  • 90°.

- Left.

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24
Q

True or False. The Coriolis Force is greatest to the Equator and zero to the Poles?

A

False. Greatest at Poles.

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25
Q

Coriolis Force is ‘____’ to Wind Speed?

A

Proportional.

26
Q

Name two assumptions of the Geostrophic Wind Model?

A
  • Wind blows above the Friction Layer.

- Wind blows parallel to straight Isobars.

27
Q

Name two forces that are part of the Geostrophic Wind Model?

A
  • Pressure Gradient Force.

- Coriolis Force.

28
Q

For a particular Pressure Gradient Force, the Geostrophic Wind Speed increases as Latitude ‘____’?

A

Decreases.

29
Q

What is Buys Ballot’s Law for Surface Winds in both Hemispheres (2)?

A
  • Northern Hemisphere, with your back to the Wind, the Low Pressure is to your Left.
  • Southern Hemisphere, with your back to the Wind, the Low Pressure is to your Right.
30
Q

What is the difference between Gradient Wind and Geostrophic Wind?

A

Gradient Wind takes into account the turning of Air Flow.

31
Q

Name two assumptions of the Gradient Wind Model?

A
  • Wind blows above the Friction Layer.

- Wind blows along curved Isobars.

32
Q

Name three forces that are part of the Gradient Wind Model?

A
  • Pressure Gradient Force.
  • Coriolis Force.
  • Centrifugal Force.
33
Q

True or False. The Centrifugal Force will increase the Pressure Gradient Force, thus increasing the Wind Speed around a High Pressure System?

A

True.

34
Q

True or False. The Centrifugal Force will decrease the Pressure Gradient Force, thus decreasing the Speed around a Low Pressure System?

A

True.

35
Q

For a particular Pressure Gradient Force, the Surface Wind Speed increases as Latitude ‘____’?

A

Decreases.

36
Q

Name three forces that are part of the Surface Wind Model?

A
  • Pressure Gradient Force.
  • Coriolis Force.
  • Friction Force.
37
Q

For a particular Pressure Gradient Force, the Surface Wind Speed increases as Latitude ‘____’?

A

Decreases.

38
Q

In the Northern Hemisphere, as you climb from the surface to about 2,000 ft. the Wind Direction ‘____’ and ‘____’ in Speed. When descending towards the surface, the Wind ‘____’ and ‘____’ in Speed (4)?

A
  • Veers.
  • Increases.
  • Backs.
  • Decreases.
39
Q

On Land, the Surface Wind will decrease by ‘____’ in Speed and deviate by ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • 50%.

- 30°.

40
Q

In the Northern Hemisphere, the Surface Wind ‘____’ and ‘____’ during the day and ‘____’ and ‘____’ during the night (4)?

A
  • Increases.
  • Veers.
  • Decreases.
  • Backs.
41
Q

True or False. The Surface Wind is stronger from 1500 than 0600?

A

False. Stronger at 0600.

42
Q

What is a Sea Breeze?

A

Wind from the Sea to the Land during the Day.

43
Q

True or False. Sea Breeze will be cooled and start to sink over Land?

A

False. It will be heated and start to rise.

44
Q

What time during the Day will Sea Breeze be at its maximum?

A

1500.

45
Q

Sea Breezes are ‘____’ Winds that blow ‘____’ Air from the Sea to the Land (2)?

A
  • Onshore.

- Cooler.

46
Q

What is a Land Breeze?

A

Wind from the Land to the Sea during the Night.

47
Q

True or False. Land Breeze will be heated and start to rise over the Sea?

A

True.

48
Q

What time during the Day will Night Breeze be at its maximum?

A

Just after Sunrise.

49
Q

Land Breezes are ‘____’ Winds that only occur at Night?

A

Offshore.

50
Q

Name three types of Mountain Winds?

A
  • Anabatic Winds.
  • Katabatic Winds.
  • Foehn Winds.
51
Q

What direction does Anabatic Winds move and how are they formed (2)?

A
  • Up Sloping Terrain.

- Daytime Heating of the Mountain Slopes.

52
Q

Air in contact with the Slopes of the Mountain are warmed by?

A

Conduction.

53
Q

What is the difference between Anabatic and Valley Winds (2)?

A
  • Anabatic Winds are warm, less dense air which flows up the slope.
  • Valley Winds are cooler and sink to the bottom of the Valley.
54
Q

What direction does Katabatic Winds move and how are they formed (2)?

A
  • Down Sloping Terrain.

- Night Time cooling of the Mountain Slopes.

55
Q

If the cooler air at Night from Katabatic Winds fall below the Dew Point, what weather phenomenon can occur?

A

Valley Fog.

56
Q

Define how Antarctica Katabatic Winds are formed and their speed (2)?

A
  • Deflected by Coriolis Force to form the Polar Easterlies.

- 100 kt.

57
Q

Name three local Katabatic European winds and their location?

A
  • Mistral Winds = South Eastern France.
  • Tramontara Winds = Over the Pyrenees.
  • Bora Winds = East of Adriatic.
58
Q

Define Foehn Winds?

A

Local warm, dry wind which blows on the leeward side of a Mountain.

59
Q

With Foehn Winds, expect Cloud and Rain on the ‘____’ side and warm, dry clear skies on the ‘____’ side of the Mountain (2)?

A
  • Upwind Side.

- Downwind Side.

60
Q

During Foehn Wind, what type of Stability is the Air?

A

Stable.

61
Q

The moist air rises at the rate of ‘____’ and descents to warm air at the rate of ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate.

- Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate.

BFS - Meteorology (22 decks)

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