C1 Topic 2 - Materials From The Earth Flashcards
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Chalk and limestone are examples of sedimentary rocks and are formed by the compaction of layers of sediment over a very long time period. These rocks are susceptible to erosion but may contain fossils.
How is marble formed?
Marble is an example of a metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat and / or pressure on chalk or limestone.
How are igneous rocks formed?
Igneous rocks, such as granite, are formed by the solidification of magma or lava and made of crystals whose size depends on the rate of cooling. (Extrusive small crystals, intrusive large crystals)
What is limestone (calcium carbonate) used for?
Calcium Carbonate (Limestone) is used as a building material, it is used as a raw material in concrete and cement production, spread on fields, for building, even in pharmaceuticals. Limestone is used in the production of glass, plastics, dyes and adhesives. It is, economically a very important raw material.
What are the disadvantages of quarrying limestone?
It will scar the landscape and can have a significant impact on tourism. Heavy traffic,dust and noise from the machinery and blasting will all impact on the local community.
What is thermal decomposition?
Thermal decomposition is when metal carbonates decompose when heated to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide.
For example calcium carbonate becomes calcium oxide with carbon dioxide.
How is calcium hydroxide produced?
When water is added to calcium oxide (quicklime), the reaction is exothermic – it produces a lot of heat and calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) is formed.
How are the harmful emissions reduced in the chimneys of coal-fired power stations?
In the chimneys of coal-fired power stations, calcium carbonate can be reacted with sulfur dioxide to form solid calcium sulphate , therefore reducing the harmful emissions that cause acid rain.
What can be used to reduce soil acidity?
Calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide.
What are the advantages of quarrying limestone?
Provide houses and roads.
Limestone products are used to neutralise acidic soil. Also lakes are neutralised by limestone products.
Used in power stations chimneys to neutralise sulfur dioxide which is cause by acid rain.
Provide jobs and can be restored after.
In chemical reactions…
Atoms aren’t lost or made.
What are the positives of quarrying limestone?
Provides houses and roads. Limestone products are used to neutralise acidic soil and lakes. It is used in power station chimneys to neutralise sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain. Restoration of the landscape can happen.
