C1 The physical changes of ageing

Question 1

What are physical changes of ageing?

Answer 1

• Cardiovascular disease – age can increase the risks of cardiovascular disease. This can be exacerbated by lifestyle choices.
• The degeneration of the nervous tissue. * Osteoarthritis. * Degeneration of the sense organs. * The reduced absorption of nutrients. * Dementia,
  to include Alzheimer’s disease.
• Effects of illnesses that are common in ageing.. Artery walls lose their elasticity and get furred up with fatty deposits. The kidneys tiny filtration
  systems decline in number and insulin may not be produced. Bones weaken, become more porous and take a long time to heal if they break.
  Brain cells do not regenerate and the blood flow to the brain is not as good. Immune system weakens. Sleep quality lessens. More trips and falls.
  Depression

Question 3

What is social disengagement theory?

Answer 3

Cumming and Henry - Social disengagement theory – A way of explaining behaviour and development in old age - that older people naturally
withdraw from social involvement as they get older. * Suggested disengagement could happen for a number of reasons: * Ill health * Retirement *
Illness and death of partners, friends and relatives. * Inability to use communication technology. * Disengagement is a natural part of ageing.

Question 4

What are criticisms of social disengagement theory?

Answer 4

Criticisms - believes a reduction in social contact is natural in older age. People naturally withdraw from social contact in older age. Society
withdraws from older people. People focus on their previous life and activities. Family expects less from older people. Older people become more dependent. Ageing can result in tranquillity and be a positive development

Question 5

What is activity theory?

Answer 5

Havighurst - Activity theory - Individuals can achieve healthy ageing through continued social activity. Social and psychological needs of individuals remain the same. People need activity and social interactions. Individuals adjust to their declining health and mobility and strength.
People continue to involve themselves in the community. Theory recognised that later adulthood often involves changes in health and/or mobility
but older people’s needs can be met by taking on new roles following retirement.