C1 - The particulate nature of matter Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 states of matter

A

solid, liquid and gas

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2
Q

What is an atom

A

the smallest particle of matter

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3
Q

What is a molecule

A

a small particle made from more than one atom bonded together

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4
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made of only one type of atom

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5
Q

What is a compound

A

A substance made from two or more different elements chemically bonded together

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6
Q

What is a mixture

A

A substance made from two or more elements or compounds mixed but not chemically bonded

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7
Q

What are the properties of a solid

A

Have a fixed shape
Can’t be compressed
Particles are closely pact and have a regular pattern
Particles vibrate around a fixed point

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8
Q

What are the properties of a liquid

A

Particles are very close but can move and flow freely past one another
Have a fixed volume but can change shape and filled container
When heated particle speed increases

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9
Q

What are the properties of a gas

A

Particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
Gases change shape
Particles move fast

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10
Q

What are changing states in particles

A

particles gain or lose energy from heating or cooling
To change from solid to liquid heat energy must be put in and provides particles with enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together
To change from liquid to solid involves cooling removing heat which makes the particles come closer together and bond

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11
Q

What are the different types of changing states

A
Solid to liquid = melting
liquid to solid = freezing
liquid to gas = boiling
gas to liquid = condensation
solid to gas = sublimation
gas to solid = deposition
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12
Q

Test for diffusion of soluble solid in water

A

potassium permanganate test
The purple color diffuses when dropped into water.
It diffuses across the water until the color concentration is evenly spread out.

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13
Q

What experiment is used to show the effect of molecular mass on the rate of diffusion

A

hydrogen chloride ammonia test.
Soak a piece of cotton wool in aqueous ammonia (gives off ammonia gas) and another piece of cotton wool in hydrochloric acid (gives off hydrogen chloride gas).
Place the two cotton wool balls at opposite ends of a glass tube and bung the ends.
The two gases diffuse and form a white ring of ammonium chloride.
The white ring forms closer to the end where the hydrochloric acid was.
The particles of ammonia are smaller and lighter than the particles of hydrogen chloride, so they diffuse faster.

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14
Q

Diffusion is the

A

net movement of particles through a gas or liquid from high concentration to a low concentration to create a uniform concentration gradient

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