C1 routes of infection Flashcards

1
Q

5 types of transmission of infection

A
  1. person to person
  2. orally- food
  3. contaminated water
  4. vector
  5. fomites -non living object
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2
Q

3 routes of person to person transmission

A
  1. direct contact
  2. contaminated blood/body fluids/saliva (may be air borne)
  3. vertical transmission - mother to foetus
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3
Q

3 routes of person to person transmission

A
  1. direct contact
  2. contaminated blood/body fluids/saliva (may be air borne)
  3. vertical transmission - mother to foetus
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4
Q

contaminated blood/body fluids/salvia can do what- example and stages

A

one infection can make you more susceptible to another
herpes simplex virus t2 may increase a woman’s susceptibility to HIV1
1. initiation of a clinical or subclinical mucosal inflammatory response
2. alteration of innate mucosal immunity
3. weakening or breaching the protective genital epithelia

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5
Q

vertical transmission examples

A

occurs in a variety of pathogens
parasitic - protozoa- toxoplasma gondii, trypanosome infections
bacteria
yeast

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6
Q

study in early onset infections in low birth weight newborns in polish NICU names

A

septicemia 7%
pneumonia 8.6%
septicemia- +ve cocci 47.8%
-ve bacilli (33.3%)
yeast like fungi (7.9%)

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7
Q

examples of orally transmitted antigens

A

contaminated with variety of organisms
parasites, bacteria, viruses
food poisoning- traceable

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8
Q

contaminated water examples

A

oral or by bathing/swimming
Ig faeces can contain 10 million viruses, 1mill bacteria, 1000 parasite cysts, 100 parasite eggs

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9
Q

in 2002 how many cholera cases were reported

A

120,000

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10
Q

4 billion cases of diarrhoea per year cause how many deaths and how many where in children under 5

A

1.8 million deaths
over 90% (1.6 million) under 5 years old
repeated episodes make childen more vulnerable to other diseases and malnutrition

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11
Q

what are schistosome parasites and their life cycle

A

schistosome parasites- ceraria released from an infected snail can penetrate the skin and infect people
1. adult worm (about 1cm)
2. egg (140 micrometers)
3. miracidia (180 micrometers)
4. snail- intermediate host
5. ceraria (300micrometres)

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12
Q

what are schistosome parasites and their life cycle

A

schistosome parasites- ceraria released from an infected snail can penetrate the skin and infect people
1. adult worm (about 1cm)
2. egg (140 micrometers)
3. miracidia (180 micrometers)
4. snail- intermediate host
5. ceraria (300micrometres)

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13
Q

vector borne diseases

A

infections transmitted by the bite of an infected arthropod species such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sandflys, blackflies, fleas.

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14
Q

what is leishmaniasis

A

is a protozoan parasitic infection caused by leishmania is transmitted to human beings through the bite of an infected female sandfly
-diff forms depending on infecting host species/host response

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15
Q

the different types of leishmaniasis

A

cutaneous leishmaniasis
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
visceral leishmaniasis
post dermal kala azar

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16
Q

what is an airborne virus of the family flavivirdae and how is it transmitted

A

tick borne encephalitis
transmitted by ticks (predom lxodes ricinus) that act as both vectors and as reservoirs

17
Q

what is the infection from bacterial spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and how is it transmitted

A

lyme borreliosis
transmitted to hukan beings during the blood feeding of hard ticks of the genus lxodes

18
Q

what is the virus/type of virus/fatality rate/transmission from the bunyaviridae family

A

crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
RNA virus
fatality rate10-40%
transmitted by hyalomma spp ticks from domestic and wild animals (zoonosis)

19
Q

examples of where you can be infected through fomites

A

bedding, toys, towels, contaminated surfaces
flu virus on surfaces
fungi-athletes foot