C1 routes of infection Flashcards
5 types of transmission of infection
- person to person
- orally- food
- contaminated water
- vector
- fomites -non living object
3 routes of person to person transmission
- direct contact
- contaminated blood/body fluids/saliva (may be air borne)
- vertical transmission - mother to foetus
3 routes of person to person transmission
- direct contact
- contaminated blood/body fluids/saliva (may be air borne)
- vertical transmission - mother to foetus
contaminated blood/body fluids/salvia can do what- example and stages
one infection can make you more susceptible to another
herpes simplex virus t2 may increase a woman’s susceptibility to HIV1
1. initiation of a clinical or subclinical mucosal inflammatory response
2. alteration of innate mucosal immunity
3. weakening or breaching the protective genital epithelia
vertical transmission examples
occurs in a variety of pathogens
parasitic - protozoa- toxoplasma gondii, trypanosome infections
bacteria
yeast
study in early onset infections in low birth weight newborns in polish NICU names
septicemia 7%
pneumonia 8.6%
septicemia- +ve cocci 47.8%
-ve bacilli (33.3%)
yeast like fungi (7.9%)
examples of orally transmitted antigens
contaminated with variety of organisms
parasites, bacteria, viruses
food poisoning- traceable
contaminated water examples
oral or by bathing/swimming
Ig faeces can contain 10 million viruses, 1mill bacteria, 1000 parasite cysts, 100 parasite eggs
in 2002 how many cholera cases were reported
120,000
4 billion cases of diarrhoea per year cause how many deaths and how many where in children under 5
1.8 million deaths
over 90% (1.6 million) under 5 years old
repeated episodes make childen more vulnerable to other diseases and malnutrition
what are schistosome parasites and their life cycle
schistosome parasites- ceraria released from an infected snail can penetrate the skin and infect people
1. adult worm (about 1cm)
2. egg (140 micrometers)
3. miracidia (180 micrometers)
4. snail- intermediate host
5. ceraria (300micrometres)
what are schistosome parasites and their life cycle
schistosome parasites- ceraria released from an infected snail can penetrate the skin and infect people
1. adult worm (about 1cm)
2. egg (140 micrometers)
3. miracidia (180 micrometers)
4. snail- intermediate host
5. ceraria (300micrometres)
vector borne diseases
infections transmitted by the bite of an infected arthropod species such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sandflys, blackflies, fleas.
what is leishmaniasis
is a protozoan parasitic infection caused by leishmania is transmitted to human beings through the bite of an infected female sandfly
-diff forms depending on infecting host species/host response
the different types of leishmaniasis
cutaneous leishmaniasis
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
visceral leishmaniasis
post dermal kala azar