A1 the immune system Flashcards

the immune system

1
Q

pathogen size smallest to largest

A

viruses (nanometres)
bacteria (1-10um micrometers)
fungi (5-100 micrometers)
protozoa (5-100 micrometres)
worms (several mm-cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

phagocytes

A

2-8% wbc
monocytes
macrophages
dendritic calls (DC)
eat things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

granulocytes

A

eosinophils 1-4% wbc
neutrophils 40-60% wbc
basophils & mast cells 0.5-1% wbc
release toxic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

natural killer cells (NK cells)

A

2-3% wbc
type of lymphocyte
kill virally infected cells and tumour cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lymphocytes

A

20-40% wbc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T cells

A

CD8+ cytolytic t cells 20%
-kill virally infected cells, tumor cells and allografts
CD4+ helper t cells 45%
-Th1,Th2, Th9, Th17, regulatory t cells (Treg)
-help other cells by releasing cytokines
-regulate immune responses
Gamma delta T cells 5%
-immunoregulatory and cytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

B cells

A

23%
make antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 main pathways

A

classical
lectin
alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do the pathways result in (complement)

A

phagocytosis
-by opsonising antigens
inflammation
-by attracting macrophages and neutrophils
membrane attack
-by rupturing cell wall of bacteria to lyse cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cytokines

A

small (5-20 kDa) secreted proteins
chemokins, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, tumor necrosis facts
act through cell surface receptors
imp in host immune responses to ifection, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

antibodies

A

aka immunoglobulin (ig)
Y shaped, produced by plasma B cells
recognise pathogen epitopes
main functions
-neutralisation
-agglutination
-complement
5 classes (isotopes)
-IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

innate v adaptive

A

innate
-inherent recogniton
-productive response
adaptive
-random recognition
-production response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does adaptive system recognise

A

antigen
-mol recognised by specific lymphocyte (or antibody)
-not recognised by innate (only t or b cell)
epitope
-exact site on antigen that is recognised and bound by antibody or t cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

immunodeficiency
(hyporeactivity)

A

-neutrophil disorders
-antibody deficiency
-complement deficiency
-t-cell dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

immunopathology
(hyperreactivity)

A

-systemic autoimmunity
-organ-specific autoimmunity
-allergies and asthma
-pathogen induced pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly