C1-products from Oil

Question 1

Describe two ways that are used are used to crack hydrocarbons

Answer 1

By heating a mixture of hydrocarbon vapours and steam to a vey high temperature, by passing hydrocarbon vapours over a hot a catalyst.

Question 2

Give two reasons why fractions from crude oil are cracked

Answer 2

To make alkenes and to make alkenes with smaller molecules

Question 3

Sort this formulas into alkanes and alkenes

C3H6 C5H12 C4H8 C6H14

Answer 3

Alkanes: C5H12, C4H10, C6H14
Alkenes: C3H6,C4H6

Question 4

Poly(ethene) is a polymer. Explain what is meant by a polymer.

Answer 4

A polymer has very large molecules called monomers joined together by a polymerisation reaction.

Question 5

Describe one use of a smart polymer

Answer 5

Example of use of smart polymer, e.g shape-memory polymer used for stitching wounds.

Question 6

Some plastics are biodegradable. What does biodegradable mean?

Answer 6

Can be broken down my microorganisms

Question 7

Suggest three ways of reducing the problem of plastic rubbish.

Answer 7

Use biodegradable polymers, recycle, use plastics with cornstarch mixed in.

Question 8

Outline the two ways that can be used to make ethanol and give an advantage and a disadvantage of each method.

Answer 8

By fermentation of sugar with yeast, advantages: renewable source, room temperature, disadvantages dilute solution of ethanol, needs to be distilled to make pure ethanol, slow, batch process; by hydration of ethene with steam and a catalyst, advantages: pure ethanol produced, continues process,fast, disadvantages: non-renewable source, high temperature needed.

Question 9

a. Write a equation using displayed formulae showing the bonds for the polymerisation of propene.
b. Write a balanced equation showing the hydration of ethene.

Answer 9

a.CH3 H
C=C ( CH3 H C-C H-H H-C-H-H
H h

b. C2H6 + H2O -> CH3 CH2 OH ( or C2H5 OH

Question 10

Copy and complete equAtion for cracking a hydrocarbon:

C12H26->C6H14+ C4H8+……

Answer 10

C12H26-> C6H14+ C4H8+ C2H4