C1 - Particles

Question 1

What happens to the vibrations of particles when a solid becomes hotter?

Answer 1

They vibrate more

Question 2

What happens if you heat a solid?

Answer 2

It will melt and become liquid

Question 3

How are the particles in solids arranged?

Answer 3

In a regular lattice arrangement

Question 4

How do the particles in solids move?

Answer 4

They vibrate around a fixed position

Question 5

How do the particles in liquids move?

Answer 5

They move constantly with random motion

Question 6

What happens if you cool a liquid

Answer 6

It will freeze and become solid

Question 7

What happens if you heat a liquid enough?

Answer 7

It will evaporate and become a gas

Question 8

How do the particles in gases move?

Answer 8

They travel in straight lines and only interact when they collide

Question 9

What do gases exert?

Answer 9

Pressure

Question 10

What happens if you cool a gas?

Answer 10

It will condense and become a liquid

Question 11

What are the limitations of the particle model?

Answer 11

1) does not give any idea of the size of the particles
2) does not give any idea of the space between the particles
3) does not show any of the forces between the particles

Question 12

What is a physical change?

Answer 12

1) when a substance changes from one state of matter to another
2) no new substances are made

Question 13

What happens during a chemical reaction?

Answer 13

1) bonds between atoms break
2) atoms change places
3) atoms from the reactants rearrange themselves to form products

Question 14

What are atoms

Answer 14

Tiny particles of matter which make up everything in the universe

Question 15

How did John Dalton describe atoms?

Answer 15

1) solid spheres

2) different spheres made up different elements

Question 16

How did JJ Thompson describe atoms?

Answer 16

1) plum pudding model
2) atoms weren’t solid spheres
3) atoms contained negatively charged particles - electrons

Question 17

How did Ernest Rutherford describe atoms?

Answer 17

1) in the atom there is a tiny, positively charged nucleus at the centre
2) most of the atom is empty space

Question 18

What was the gold foil experiment?

Answer 18

1) positively charged alpha particles were fired at an extremely thin sheet of gold
2) most particles passed straight through the gold sheet
3) some particles were deflected more than expected
4) a small number of particles were deflected backwards

Question 19

How did Niels Bohr describe atoms?

Answer 19

1) electrons in atoms were contained in shells
2) electrons can only exist in fixed orbits, or shells
3) each shell has a fixed energy