C1 Part 1 Flashcards
Name two metals that can be extracted by reduction with carbon
Any two metals that are less reactive than carbon e.g. iron and tin
Give the word equation for the reduction of a metal oxide with carbon
Metal oxide + carbon → metal + carbon dioxide
Give the symbol equation for the reduction of tin oxide with carbon
SnO2 + C → Sn + CO2
What is the environmental impact of CO2?
Greenhouse effect leading to climate change.
Iron has a mass number of 56. Each iron atom contains 26 protons. How many neutrons does it have?
30
Describe how limewater is used to test for carbon dioxide.
The gas is bubble through limewater. If the limewater goes cloudy then the gas is carbon dioxide.
Give a word equation for the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate.
Zinc carbonate → Zinc oxide + carbon dioxide
Give a balanced symbol equation for the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate.
ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
Name the 3 chemicals shown in the lime cycle.
- Calcium carbonate
- Calcium Oxide
- Calcium Hydroxide
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
Draw the displayed formula for butane (C4H10)
Name the first 4 alkanes
- Methane
- Ethane
- Propane
- Butane
What is the name of the process used to separate the hydrocarbons in crude oil?
Fractional Distillation
Skecth an atom. Label the nucleus and the electrons.
What are the symbols for:
a) Carbon
b) Calcium
C) Sodium
Carbon - C
Calcium - Ca
Sodium - Na
Which elements properties are more similar to magnesium’s: calcium or iron?
Explain why.
Calcium - it is closer to magnesium in the periodic table
Describe how you would work out the electronic structure of an atom given its atomic number.
The total number of electrons is equal to the atomic number.
Electrons fill shells closest to the nucleus first.
Each shell has maximum number of electrons that it can hold.
2 in the 1st, 8 in the 2nd, 8 in the 3rd, 18 in the 4th.
This matches the structure of the periodic table.
Describe the process of ionic bonding.
Metal atoms lose electrons to become positive ions (cations)
Non-metals gain electrons to become negative ions (anions)
Cations and anions have opposite charges so are attracted to one another.
What is covalent bonding?
The sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms.
A covalent bond is a pair of shared electrons.
What are the products when limestone (calcium carbonate) reacts with sulphuric acid?
Calcium sulphate + water + carbon dioxide
What is calcium hydroxide used for?
Neutralising acid soil or lakes.
Name 3 building materials made from limestone.
Cement
Mortar
Concrete
What is the definition of an ore?
A rock that contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal from it.
Give a reason why aluminium is expensive.
It is extracted by electrolysis which uses large amounts of expensive electricity.
What is electrolysis?
The breaking down of a substance using electricity.
What is the name of the process where plants are used to extract metals from the soil?
Phytomining
Give 3 reasons why it is good to recycle metals.
It takes less energy (fossil fuels) that mining and extracting new metals.
There is a finite amount of metal available in the Earth’s crust - we are running out.
It cuts down on waste going to landfill sites.
Give 3 properties of metals.
Malleable (bent easily)
Good conductors of heat
Good conductors of electricity
Give 3 examples of alloys and say what is in them.
Solder - Lead & Tin
Brass - Copper & Zinc
Bronze - Copper & Tin
What is the general formula of an alkane?
CnH2n+2
How are Nitrogen Oxides produced in a petrol engine?
Nitrogen and Oxygen react at a high temperature inside the petrol engine causing Nitrogen Oxides to form.
Give a reason sulphur dioxide is produced in a petrol engine
The sulphur/ crude oil in the petrol reacts with oxygen.
