C1 - General Principles

Question 1

Physical or mental Effort

Answer 1

Labor

Question 2

Work for which someone is paid

Answer 2

Labor

Question 3

Hires/ pays wages

Answer 3

Employer

Question 4

Renders service/works

Answer 4

Employee

Question 5

Governs Right and Duties of Employers (Er) and employees (Ee) regarding employment terms and labor disputes.

Answer 5

Labor Law

Question 6

2 Classification of Labor

Answer 6

Labor Standards & Labor Relations

Question 7

Minimum terms and conditions of employment which the employer is required to grant to its employees. (e.g., wages, hours of work, holiday pay, working conditions, etc.)

Answer 7

Labor Standards

Question 8

Regulates the relation between employers and employees.

Answer 8

Labor Relations

Question 9

Laws promoting public welfare and providing protection or benefits to society. (e.g., GSIS Law, SSS Law, PhilHealth, Agrarian Law)

Answer 9

Social Legislation

Question 10

Directly affects employment (e.g., wages)

Answer 10

Labor Legislation

Question 11

Governs effects and employment (e.g., compensation for injuries)

Answer 11

Social Legislation

Question 12

Main Sources of Labor Law

Answer 12

1. Constitution
2. Labor Code and Relation special Legislation
3. Contracts
4. Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBAs)
5. Company practices
6. Company policies

Question 13

Resolved in favor of labor (Art 4, Labor Code)

Construction in Favor of Labor

Answer 13

Labor Code Interpretation

Question 14

In favor of safety and decent living for laborer (Art. 1702, New Civil Code)

Construction in Favor of Labor

Answer 14

Labor Contracts Interpretation

Question 15

The State shall afford full protection of labor local or overseas, organized and unorganized, and promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all.

Answer 15

Section 3, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution

Question 16

It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to self-organization, collective bargaining and negotiations, and peaceful concerted activities, including the rights to strike in accordance with law. They shall be entitled to security of tenure, humane conditions of work, and a living wages.

Answer 16

Section 3, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution

Question 17

Basic Rights of workers guaranteed by the Constitution

Answer 17

1. Security of tenure
2. Living Wages
3. Share in the fruits of production
4. Just and humane working conditions
5. Self-organization
6. Collective Bargaining
7. Collective Negotiations
8. Engage in peaceful concerted activities, including the right to strike.
9. Participate in policy and decision-making process

Question 18

Weighing labor and capital on scales of social justice

Answer 18

Balancing Interests

Question 19

Doctrine extended to benefit more employees

Answer 19

Favoring Labor

Question 20

Shifts depending on the monetary claim

Answer 20

Burden of Proof

Question 21

Substantial evidence required in labor cases

Answer 21

Quantum of Evidence

Question 22

Rights of management are also respected in the interest of fair play.

Answer 22

Management Rights

Question 23

Neither capital nor labor should act oppressively

Answer 23

Principle of Non-Oppression

Question 24

Work for non-government organizations or private companies

Answer 24

Private Employees

Question 25

DOLE

Answer 25

Department of Labor and Employment

Question 26

SSS

Answer 26

Social Security System

Question 27

Individuals who work for government entities at a various levels, such as national or local governments.

Answer 27

Public Employees

Question 28

CSC

Answer 28

Civil Service Commission

Question 29

GSIS

Answer 29

Government Services Insurance System