C1 - Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Flashcards
What are the 3 particles that atoms are made from?
- Protons
- Neutrons
- Electrons
Which particle determines what element the atom is?
The number of protons determines the element.
Where do you find the protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom?
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus
Electrons orbit around the outside.
What does the atomic number tell
you about an element?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.
What does the relative atomic mass tell you about an element?
The relative atomic mass tells you the amount of protons + neutrons in the nucleus.
How many electrons can fit in each of the first 3 shells?
The first shell can have 2 electrons and the second and third shells can have 8 electrons.
What is the name given to atoms of the same element that have different masses?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that different masses (this is because the number of neutrons can change).
Name 4 techniques used to separate mixtures
1 – Filtration
2 – Distillation
3 – Chromatography
4 – Crystallisation (evaporation)
What are the similarities and differences between the nuclear model of the atom and the plum pudding model?
Similarites:
1 - Both are spheres
2 – Both have electrons
Differences:
1 - Plum pudding has electrons inside - The nuclear model has the electrons orbiting outside
2 – The plum pudding model does not have protons - The nuclear model DOES have protons
What is the difference between an atom and an ion?
1 - An ATOM has no charge because it has the same number of negative electrons as it has positive protons.
2 – An ION has lost or gained electrons so it has a charge.
How do the melting and boiling points of group 1 change as you go down the group?
The melting and boiling points get lower as you go down the group.
How do the melting and boiling points of group 7 change as you go down the group?
The melting and boiling points get higher as you go down the group.
What are the properties of group 1 metals?
Alkali metals:
1 - soft (can be cut with a knife)
2 - have low melting and boiling points
3 - very reactive
4 – low density
5 – form white compounds
What do group 7 elements look like?
Chlorine – pale green gas
Bromine – red liquid
Iodine – grey solid
How does the reactivity change as you go down groups 1 and 7?
-Reactivity increases as you go down group 1
-Reactivity decreases as you down group 7
What are the properties of the transition elements and where are they found?
Transition elements:
1 – Hard and strong
2 – Have high densities
3 – Good conductors of heat and electricity
4 – Have high melting points
5 – Form coloured compounds
Where are the alkali metals, halogens, transition elements and noble gases found on the periodic table?
- Alkali metals: Group 1 - on the left side
- Halogens: Group 7 - on the right side
- Transition elements: The middle block of the periodic table - specifically Groups 3-12
- Noble gases: Group 0 - on the far right
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
For undiscovered elements.
This meant the patterns worked and he could predict the properties of some elements before they were discovered
Describe the reactions of group 1 metals with water.
1 - They fizz and create hydrogen gas
2 – Na catches fire with an orange flame
3 – K catches fire with a lilac flame
4 – The water becomes an alkali
Why does the reactivity increase as you go down group 1?
1 - The atoms get bigger
2 – The outer shell electron gets
further away
3 – It feels less force pulling it to the
nucleus
4 – It needs less energy to remove it
