C1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

a substance containing only one type of atom.

Question 2

What is a compound?

Answer 2

a substance containing two or more different atoms chemically bonded.

Question 3

What is the conservation of mass?

Answer 3

Atoms can neither be created or destroyed in a reaction.

Question 4

What is a mixture?

Answer 4

consists of different substances not chemically bonded.

Question 5

What are the separation techniques?

Answer 5

Filtration, Evaporation, Distillation, Fractional Distillation and Chromatography.

Question 6

What are the properties of solids?

Answer 6

Particles in regular arrangement and vibrate about fixed positions.
Cannot be compressed.

Question 7

What are the properties of a liquid?

Answer 7

Particles have no regular arrangement and are able to most past each other.
Cannot be compressed.

Question 8

What are the properties of a gas?

Answer 8

Particles are far apart, move randomly at fast speeds.
Can be compressed.

Question 9

What does Aqueous mean?

Answer 9

Something that is dissolved in water.

Question 10

What did JJ Thomson discover?

Answer 10

He made the ‘plum pudding’ model which states that an atom is a ball of positive charge which is embedded with negative things.

Question 11

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Answer 11

He discovered that the nucleus was small and positively charges. He found that most alpha particles went straight through a gold ‘leaf’; very few deflected back.

Question 12

What did Neils Bohr discover?

Answer 12

He discovered that electrons exist in ‘shells’.

Question 13

What did James Chadwick discover?

Answer 13

The nucleus must contain neutrons as well as protons.

Question 14

What is an atomic number?

Answer 14

The number of protons in a nucleus.

Question 15

What is the mass number?

Answer 15

The number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

Question 16

What is an isotope?

Answer 16

The same element with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons.

Question 17

How do you work out average mass?

Answer 17

average mass = (total mass of 100 atoms) / 100

Question 18

How did Dimitri Mendeleev create a periodic table?

Answer 18

Grouped elements by their properties. Left gaps for elements to be discovered in the future.

Question 19

What is the grouping of the periodic table?

Answer 19

Left of ‘staircase’ - metals
Right of the ‘staircase’ - non-metals

Question 20

What happens with group 1?

Answer 20

These are known as Alkali metals and have 1 electron in their outer shell so have a + charge when losing their outer shell. They get more reactive as you go down the group since their most outer electron is getting further away from the nucleus.

Question 21

What happens with group 7?

Answer 21

These are known as Halogens and they form - ions as they gain an electron to fill their outer shell. They get less reactive down the group and boiling points increase.

Question 22

What happens with group 0/8?

Answer 22

They are very unreactive since they already have an outer shell.