C1 (Atomic structure and periodic table) Flashcards

Question

When forming an ion, which element groups loose electrons?

Answer 1

Elements in groups 1, 2 and 3 loose electrons, forming a positive ion.

Answer 2

Elements in group 5, 6 and 7 gain electrons, forming a negative ion.

Answer 3

In 1897, J J Thompson creates the plum pudding model after conducting many experiments. The plum pudding model is a sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in.

Answer 4

In 1909, Ernest Rutherford and his student Ernest Marsden, fired positively charged alpha particles at an extremely thin piece of gold sheet.

Answer 5

While most particles went straight through the golden sheet, some were deflected. This made him doubt the plum pudding model and came up with his own model. A nucleus containing protons (positive charge) surrounded by a ‘cloud’ of electrons (negative charge).

Answer 6

Using theoretical calculations and observations, Bohr came to know that electrons were kept in energy shells orbiting the nucleus.

Answer 7

Around 20 years after scientists accepted that atoms have nuclei, James Chadwick provided further evidence for neutral particles in the nucleus. These particles were names neutrons.

Answer 8

Electrons are shared with other elements or transferred from one element to another. This is done so that the atoms obtain the stable electron structure of the noble gases (Group 0 elements).

Answer 9

2 electrons Max.

Answer 10

8 electrons Max.

Answer 11

8 electrons Max.

Answer 12

2 electrons Max.

Answer 13

When a substance dissolves in a solvent.

Answer 14

When a substance does not dissolve in a solvent.

Answer 15

Liquids that mix together. For example, water and ethanol.

Answer 16

Liquids that do not mix together. For example, oil and water.

Answer 17

This method is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. For example, sand from water.

Answer 18

The mixture is poured through a funnel containing a piece of filter paper. The liquid (called the filtrate) passes through the paper. The solid (called the residue) remains on filter paper.

Answer 19

This method is used to separate a dissolved solid from the solvent it is dissolved in. For example, salt from water.

Answer 20

The mixture is placed on evaporating dish and heated until all the solvent has evaporated or boiled, leaving the solid in the dish.

Answer 21

This method is used to separate a dissolved solid from the solvent it is dissolved in. For example copper sulphate.

Answer 22

A mixture is heated to boil of some of the solvent to create a hot saturated solution. A saturated solution is one which no more solute can dissolve at that temperature. As it cools down, the solute becomes less soluble. The solution can now be filtrated.

Answer 23

This method is used to separate the solvent from a solution. For example, pure water from sea water.

Answer 24

The mixture is heated and the solvent boils. The vaporised solvent passes through a water cooled condensed where it is cooled and condenses and gets gathered inside the conical flask.

Answer 25

This method is used to separate mixtures of miscible liquids. It works because each liquid has a different boiling point.

Answer 26

Similar to simple distillation. There are usually glass beads in a long column. The whole mixture is vaporised and each liquid comes out into the test tube at different times, depending on their boiling point.

Answer 27

This method is used to separate miscible liquids.

Answer 28

Mixture is placed in the separating funnel. Open tap. As soon as the two liquids have been separated, you must close the tap immediately.

Answer 29

This method is used to separate mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent.

Answer 30

The mixture is placed on chromatography paper upright in a beaker so that the bottom of the paper is in a solvent. The substance moves up the paper at the different speeds, and so are separated.