Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA GCSE Chemistry > C1 (Atomic structure and periodic table) > Flashcards

C1 (Atomic structure and periodic table) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is an element?

A

Elements are substances containing only one type of atom. This means that they can not be broken down into simpler substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a compound?

A

Substances made from atoms of different elements chemically bonded together and can be separated by chemical means.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Substances from atoms of different elements mixed together. They are physically bonded together and can be separated by physical means.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an atom?

A

Atoms are the smallest part of an element that can exist. Atoms have a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded with energy shells of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State the three subatomic particles that make up an atom…

A
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a proton?

A

A positively charged particle found inside the nucleus of an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a neutron?

A

Neutral particle found inside the nucleus of an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an electron?

A

A negatively charged particle found in the energy shells surrounding the nucleus of the atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

Very small (1/1836)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can you work out the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Neutrons = mass number - atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can you work out the number of protons in atom?

A

Protons = atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can you work out the number of electrons in atom?

A

Electrons = atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are isotopes?

A

A group of atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. This means that they all have the same atomic number, but a different mass number.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four main isotopes?

A

C (carbon), Cl (chlorine), Br (bromine), H (hydrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is relative atomic mass of isotopes?

A

((Mass number x relative abundance) + (mass number x relative abundance)) divided by 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is relative abundance?

A

Relative abundance means that if we have 100 atoms about x% of the atoms will be of that specific isotope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with an overall charge of positive or negative. This is because they have a different number of protons and electrons.

23
Q

Is an atom that gains electrons and loses protons negative or positive?

A

Negative

24
Q

Is an atom that gains protons and loses electrons positive or negative?

A

Positive

25
Q

When forming an ion, which element groups loose electrons?

A

Elements in groups 1, 2 and 3 loose electrons, forming a positive ion.

26
Q

When forming an ion, which elements groups gain electrons?

A

Elements in group 5, 6 and 7 gain electrons, forming a negative ion.

27
Q

What was the plum pudding model?

A

In 1897, J J Thompson creates the plum pudding model after conducting many experiments. The plum pudding model is a sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in.

28
Q

How was the alpha particle scattering experiment conducted?

A

In 1909, Ernest Rutherford and his student Ernest Marsden, fired positively charged alpha particles at an extremely thin piece of gold sheet.

29
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford conclude from his experiments?

A

While most particles went straight through the golden sheet, some were deflected. This made him doubt the plum pudding model and came up with his own model. A nucleus containing protons (positive charge) surrounded by a ‘cloud’ of electrons (negative charge).

30
Q

How did Neil Bohr adapt Rutherford’s model?

A

Using theoretical calculations and observations, Bohr came to know that electrons were kept in energy shells orbiting the nucleus.

31
Q

How did James Chadwick adapt Bohr’s model?

A

Around 20 years after scientists accepted that atoms have nuclei, James Chadwick provided further evidence for neutral particles in the nucleus. These particles were names neutrons.

32
Q

What happens when elements react with each other?

A

Electrons are shared with other elements or transferred from one element to another. This is done so that the atoms obtain the stable electron structure of the noble gases (Group 0 elements).

33
Q

How many electrons can the first energy shell hold?

A

2 electrons Max.

34
Q

How many electrons can the second energy hold?

A

8 electrons Max.

35
Q

How many electrons can the third energy shell hold?

A

8 electrons Max.

36
Q

How many electrons can the fourth energy shell hold?

A

2 electrons Max.

37
Q

What is a soluble?

A

When a substance dissolves in a solvent.

37
Q

What is insoluble?

A

When a substance does not dissolve in a solvent.

37
Q

What is meant by miscible?

A

Liquids that mix together. For example, water and ethanol.

38
Q

What is immiscible?

A

Liquids that do not mix together. For example, oil and water.

39
Q

What is filtration?

A

This method is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. For example, sand from water.

40
Q

How does filtration work?

A

The mixture is poured through a funnel containing a piece of filter paper. The liquid (called the filtrate) passes through the paper. The solid (called the residue) remains on filter paper.

41
Q

What is evaporation?

A

This method is used to separate a dissolved solid from the solvent it is dissolved in. For example, salt from water.

42
Q

How does evaporation work?

A

The mixture is placed on evaporating dish and heated until all the solvent has evaporated or boiled, leaving the solid in the dish.

43
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

This method is used to separate a dissolved solid from the solvent it is dissolved in. For example copper sulphate.

44
Q

How does crystallisation work?

A

A mixture is heated to boil of some of the solvent to create a hot saturated solution. A saturated solution is one which no more solute can dissolve at that temperature. As it cools down, the solute becomes less soluble. The solution can now be filtrated.

45
Q

What is simple distillation?

A

This method is used to separate the solvent from a solution. For example, pure water from sea water.

46
Q

How does simple distillation work?

A

The mixture is heated and the solvent boils. The vaporised solvent passes through a water cooled condensed where it is cooled and condenses and gets gathered inside the conical flask.

47
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

This method is used to separate mixtures of miscible liquids. It works because each liquid has a different boiling point.

48
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

Similar to simple distillation. There are usually glass beads in a long column. The whole mixture is vaporised and each liquid comes out into the test tube at different times, depending on their boiling point.

49
Q

What is a separating funnel?

A

This method is used to separate miscible liquids.

50
Q

How does a separating funnel work?

A

Mixture is placed in the separating funnel. Open tap. As soon as the two liquids have been separated, you must close the tap immediately.

51
Q

What is chromatography?

A

This method is used to separate mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent.

52
Q

How does chromatography work?

A

The mixture is placed on chromatography paper upright in a beaker so that the bottom of the paper is in a solvent. The substance moves up the paper at the different speeds, and so are separated.

AQA GCSE Chemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions