C1 - Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are all substances made of?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What’s an element?

Answer 2

Contains only 1 type of atom

Question 3

What are compounds?

Answer 3

Contain more than 1 type of atom

Question 4

What does an atom consist of?

Answer 4

Tiny central nucleus with electrons orbiting around

Question 5

What’s the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Answer 5

No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

Question 6

List all the state symbols

Answer 6

(s) = Solid
(l) = Liquid
(g) = Gas
(aq) = Aqueous Solution

Question 7

What’s a mixture?

Answer 7

Made up of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined together

Question 8

How can we separate mixtures?

Answer 8

Filtration
Crystallisation
Distillation

Question 9

What is filtration?

Answer 9

Separating a solid from a liquid

Question 10

What is crystallisation?

Answer 10

A chemical is converted from a liquid solution into a solid crystalline state.

Question 11

What is distillation?

Answer 11

Process that collects liquid or vapours given off by heating and then cooling a mixture

Question 12

What’s fractional distillation?

Answer 12

Separating miscible liquids using a fractionating column

Question 13

What’s paper chromatography?

Answer 13

Separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent (liquid) as they move up a piece of chromatography paper

Question 14

Have the ideas of atoms changed overtime?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What did J.J Thomson discover?

Answer 15

The electron

Question 16

What did J.J Thomson do experiments on?

Answer 16

Beams of particles

Question 17

What did Bohr suggest?

Answer 17

Electrons must be orbiting the nucleus at set distances

Question 18

What did James Chadwick do?

Answer 18

An experiment that could only be explained by the existence of neutrons

Question 19

What are atoms made of?

Answer 19

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 20

What charge do protons, electrons and neutrons have?

Answer 20

Protons: +1
Electrons: -1
Neutrons: 0 (neutral)

Question 21

What’s the atomic number?

Answer 21

Number of protons & electrons

Question 22

What’s the mass number?

Answer 22

Number of protons & neutrons

Question 23

How do you get negative ions?

Answer 23

Atoms that gain electrons form negative ions

Question 24

How do you get positive ions?

Answer 24

Atoms that lose electrons form positive ions

Question 25

What’s an isotope?

Answer 25

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 26

What’s an ion?

Answer 26

A charged atom (or group of atoms)

Question 27

How are electrons in an atom arranged?

Answer 27

In energy levels or shells