C1 - Atomic Structure Flashcards
What are all substances made of?
Atoms
What’s an element?
Contains only 1 type of atom
What are compounds?
Contain more than 1 type of atom
What does an atom consist of?
Tiny central nucleus with electrons orbiting around
What’s the Law of Conservation of Mass?
No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
List all the state symbols
(s) = Solid
(l) = Liquid
(g) = Gas
(aq) = Aqueous Solution
What’s a mixture?
Made up of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined together
How can we separate mixtures?
Filtration
Crystallisation
Distillation
What is filtration?
Separating a solid from a liquid
What is crystallisation?
A chemical is converted from a liquid solution into a solid crystalline state.
What is distillation?
Process that collects liquid or vapours given off by heating and then cooling a mixture
What’s fractional distillation?
Separating miscible liquids using a fractionating column
What’s paper chromatography?
Separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent (liquid) as they move up a piece of chromatography paper
Have the ideas of atoms changed overtime?
Yes
What did J.J Thomson discover?
The electron
What did J.J Thomson do experiments on?
Beams of particles
What did Bohr suggest?
Electrons must be orbiting the nucleus at set distances
What did James Chadwick do?
An experiment that could only be explained by the existence of neutrons
What are atoms made of?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What charge do protons, electrons and neutrons have?
Protons: +1
Electrons: -1
Neutrons: 0 (neutral)
What’s the atomic number?
Number of protons & electrons
What’s the mass number?
Number of protons & neutrons
How do you get negative ions?
Atoms that gain electrons form negative ions
How do you get positive ions?
Atoms that lose electrons form positive ions
What’s an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
What’s an ion?
A charged atom (or group of atoms)
How are electrons in an atom arranged?
In energy levels or shells
