C1 - Atomic Structure

Question 1

what is the mass, charge and location of a proton

Answer 1

mass: 1
charge: +1
location: nuclues

Question 2

what is the mass, charge and location of a neutron

Answer 2

mass: 1
charge: 0
location: nuclues

Question 3

what is the mass, charge and location of an electron

Answer 3

mass: 0
charge: -1
location: in the shell

Question 4

what is the relative atomic mass

Answer 4

protons + neutrons
(top number)

Question 5

what is the atomic number

Answer 5

protons and electrons
(bottom number)

Question 6

What happens in ionic bonding

Answer 6

• metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
• non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions

Question 7

what is ionic bonding

Answer 7

when metals and non-metals react, charged particles are formed called ions

Question 8

what is an ion

Answer 8

ions are charged atoms with full outer shell of electrons

Question 9

ionic bonding deffinition (scientific)

Answer 9

the electrostatic force of attraction between oppisitely charged ions

Question 10

what are the properties of ionic compounds

Answer 10

the positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions are aranged in a regular, repeating 3D network called a Giant ionic lattice

Question 11

what is convalent bonding

Answer 11

is formed when a pair of electrons between two non-metals so it gets a full outer shell

Question 12

what is a molecue

Answer 12

a group of convalent bonded atoms

Question 13

what is the group number in the periodic table equal to

Answer 13

the number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 14

what is a solid

Answer 14

• fixed shape and volume
• particles are vibrating around a fixed position

Question 15

what is a liquid

Answer 15

• particles are flowing and take the shape of the container
• no fixed shape but has a fixed volume
• irreglar arangment of particles

Question 16

what is a gas

Answer 16

• no fixed shape or volume
• particles are moving repidy and randomly to take shape of the entire container
• irregular arangement of partciles

Question 17

what is a double convalent bond

Answer 17

2 pairs of electrons ar shared

Question 18

what is a triple convalent bond

Answer 18

3 pairs of electrons are shared

Question 19

what is an alkene

Answer 19

molecules with a double carbon bonds

Question 20

what is an alkane

Answer 20

a series of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds

Question 21

what is an atom

Answer 21

the smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 22

what is an element

Answer 22

a substance of only one type of atom

Question 23

what is a compound

Answer 23

two or more elements combined chemically in fixed proportions which can be represented by formulae

Question 24

what is a mixture and does it have the same chemical properties as it constituent materials

Answer 24

two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined

(has the same chemical properties)

Question 25

which methods can seperates mixtures (5 methods)? Do these involve chemical reactions?

Answer 25

- Filtration - Crystallisation - Simple distilation - fractional distilation - chromotography

Question 26

describe and explain simple distilation

Answer 26

1. used to seperate a liquid from a solution 2. liquid boils off and condenses in the condenser 3. the thermometre will read the boiling point of the pure liquid 4. contrary to evaporation, we get to keep the liquid

Question 27

describe and explain crystallisation

Answer 27

- only remove some of the solvent by evporation to form a saturated solution (no more solid can be dissolved) - cool down the solution - the solid starts to crystalise as it becomes less soluble at lower temperatures - the crystals can be collected and separated form the solvent via filtration

Question 28

describe and explain evaporation

Answer 28

- a technique for seperation of a solid dissolved in a solvent from a solvent - solution is heated until all the solvent evaporates - the solids stays in the vessel

Question 29

describe and explain fractional distilation

Answer 29

- a technique used for seperation of a mixture and liquids - works when liquids have different boiling points - the fractionating column contains glass beads (helps seperate the compounds) - in industry mixtures are repeatedly condensed and vapourised - the colunmn is hot at the bottom and cold at the top - the liquids will condense at different height of the column

Question 30

describe and explain filtration

Answer 30

- used to separate an insoluble solid is suspended into a liquid - the insoluble solid (called residue) gets caught in the filter paper because the particles are too big to fit through the holes in the paper - the filtrate is the substance that comes through the filtration paper equipment: filtration paper, funnel

Question 31

describe and explain chromotography

Answer 31

- used to separate a mixture of substances dissolved in a solvent - in chromotography paper, we place a piece of paper with a spot containing a mixture in a beaker with some solvent - the bottom of the paper has to be in contact with the solvent - the solvent level will slowly start to rise, thus separating the spot (mixture) into few spots (components)

Question 32

what is a separating funnel

Answer 32

- used to separate immisicble liquids - two immisicble liquids of different densities will form two distinct layers in the separating funnel - we can run off the bottom layer (the liquid with greater density) to a sesparate vessel