C1 and C2: Fundamental Concepts in Chemistry

Question 1

what are valence electrons?

Answer 1

electrons in the outer shell

Question 2

what is valency?

Answer 2

number of electrons in outer shell

Question 3

what are the functional groups of highest priority?

Answer 3

-Quaternary ammonium cation, suffix: -ammonium
-Quaternary phosphonium cation, suffix: -phosphonium
-Tertiary sulfonium cation, suffix: -sulphonium
(check onenote for their structures)

Question 4

what is next 3 functional groups in order of priority after the salts?

Answer 4

-carboxylic acid, suffix: -oic acid
-acid anhydride, suffix: -oic anhydride
-ester, suffix: alkyl -oate
(structures in one note)

Question 5

what is the next functional group in order of priority after the ester?

Answer 5

acyl halides, suffix: -oyl halide
(structure on one note)

Question 6

what is the next functional group in order of priority after acyl halides?

Answer 6

amides, suffix: -amide
-primary amide
-secondary amide
-tertiary amide
(structures on one note)

Question 7

what are the next 3 functional groups in order of priority after the amides?

Answer 7

-nitrile, suffix: -nitrile and prefix: cyano-
-aldehyde, suffix: -al and prefix: formyl-
-ketone, suffix: -one
(structure on one note)

Question 8

what are the next functional groups in order of priority after the ketone?

Answer 8

alcohol, suffix: -ol
-primary alcohol
-secondary alcohol
-tertiary alcohol
(structure on one note)

Question 9

what is the next functional group in order of priority after the alcohol?

Answer 9

-thiol, suffix: -thiol
(structure on one note)

Question 10

what is the next functional groups in order of priority after thiol?

Answer 10

amine, suffix: -amine and prefix: amino-
-primary amine
-secondary amine
-tertiary amine
(structure on one note)

Question 11

what are the next two functional groups in order of priority after the amines?

Answer 11

-ether suffix: ether
-sulfide suffix: sulfide

Question 12

what are the next two functional groups in order of priority after the sulfide?

Answer 12

-Alkene, suffix: -ene and prefix: alkenyl-
-Alkyne, suffix: -yne and prefix: alkynyl-

Question 13

what are the next 3 functional groups in order of priority after the alkyne?

Answer 13

-halides, suffix: halide and prefix: halo-
-nitro, prefix: nitro-
-alkanes, suffix: -ane and prefix: alkyl-