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CSEC CHEMISTRY > C1: Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

C1: Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

1
Q

what is an acid?

A

a substance containing hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal to for a salt

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2
Q

What is an acid salt?

A

A salt that is formed when the H+ ions in an acid are only partially replaced by metal or ammonium ions

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3
Q

An acid salt id formed when only some of the H+ ions in an acid are replaced a metal ion or ____________

A

NH4+ Ions

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4
Q

A ___________ salt is formed when all the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by _________ or _________

A

Normal salt

metal ion

Ammonium ion

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5
Q

which of the following salts is an acid salt?

  • H2SO4
  • KOH
  • KHSO4
  • CaCO3
  • NaH2PO4
A

KHSO4

NaH2PO4

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6
Q

What is the Basicity of an acid?

A

The number of protons produced per molecule of acid when dissolved in water

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7
Q

what are the main chemical reactions of acids in aqueous solution?

A
  • acids react with reactive metals to form a salt and hydrogen
  • acids react with bases to form salt and water
  • acids react with metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to form a salt, water and CO2
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8
Q

Acids except ________ react with metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series to produce salt and hydrogen

A

HNO3

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9
Q

When HNO3 reacts with a reactive metal the products are:

A

Salt + Oxides of nitrogen

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10
Q

which of these acids will form both normal salts and acid salts?

HNO3

H2SO4

H3PO4

HCl

A

H2SO4

H3PO4

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11
Q

which compounds is the plumbate ion derived from?

A

PbO and Pb(OH)2

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12
Q

What are acid anhydrides

A

compound that reacts with water to form an acid

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13
Q

name 4 examples of acid anydrides

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • sulphur dioxide
  • sulphur trioxide
  • nitrogen dioxide
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14
Q

what is a base?

A

a proton acceptor

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15
Q

when bases react with acids the _________ or ________ ions from the base accept the protons from the __________ to form water

A

Oxide(O2-)

OH-

Acid

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16
Q

what is an alkali

A

a soluble base that dissolves in water to form a solution that contains OH- ions

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17
Q

most bases are ________ and as a result most are not __________

A

insoluble

alkalis

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18
Q

what are the chemical reactions of bases

A
  • react with acids to form salt and water
  • react with ammoniums salts to form salt, water and ammonia
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19
Q

Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2NH4Cl (s) gives ________

A

MgCl2(s) + 2H20(l) + 2HN3(g)

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20
Q

CaO(s) + (NH4)2SO4 ——->

A

CaSO4(s) + H20(l) + NH3(g)

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21
Q

Name 4 indicators

A
  • litmus
  • phenolpthalein
  • methyl orange
  • screened methyl orange
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22
Q

a ____________ is fully ionised when dissolved in water to produce H+ ions.

A

strong acid

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23
Q

a ____________ is fully ionised when dissolved in water to produce OH- ions.

A

strong base

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24
Q

example of a base that is partially ionized when dissolved in water

A

NH3

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25
Q

definition of a weak base

A

partially ionises when dissolved in water

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26
Q

which of these substances will have a high concentration of ions when dissolved in water:

HCl

CH3COOH

NaOH

NH3

H2SO4

A

HCl

H2SO4

NaOH

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27
Q

these react with both acids and strong alkalis to form salt and water

A

amphoteric oxides or hydroxides

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28
Q

which of the following metals will form amphoteric bases?

Zn

Ca

Ba

Pb

Hg

Al

Cu

Ag

A

Zn

Pb

Al

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29
Q

when Zn(OH)2 reacts with a strong base what anion is present in the resulting salt?

an example is :

A

Zincate - ZnO22-

2NaOH + Zn(OH)2 —–> Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O

30
Q

when Pb(OH)2 reacts with a stong base what anion is present in the resulting salt?

an example is:

A

Plumbate ion - PbO22-

2KOH + Pb(OH)2 —–> K2PbO2 + 2H2O

31
Q

when Al(OH)3 reacts with a stong base, what anion is present in the resulting salt?

An example is _________

A

Aluminate ion - AlO2-

2NaOH + 2Al(OH)3 ——> 2NaAlO2 + 4H2O

32
Q

the 4 main groups of oxides are:

A
  • acidic oxides
  • basic oxides
  • amphoteric oxides
  • neutral oxides
33
Q

acidic oxides react with (1)_________ to form salt and water. They also react with (2)__________ to form acids and therefore are called (3)___________. They are oxides of (4)_____________.

A
  1. alkalis
  2. water
  3. acid anhydrides
  4. non-metals
34
Q

Na2O is an example of a (1) ____________ but is also a (2)_____________. It reacts with

(3)__________ to form salt an water.

A
  1. basic oxide
  2. alkali
  3. acids
35
Q

basic oxides are oxides of _________

36
Q

Neutral oxides are oxides of some (1)____________ which do not react with (2)_____________ or (3)_________. examples of neutral oxides are(4)_______________

A
  1. non-metals
  2. acids
  3. alkalis
  4. CO, NO, N2O
37
Q

definition of a salt

A

substance formed when some or all of the H+ ions in an acid have been replaced by metal or ammonium ions

38
Q

from which base is the zincate ion derived?

A

ZnO and Zn(OH)2

39
Q

from which base is the aluminate ion derived?

A

Al2O3 amd Al(OH)3

40
Q

a salt is substance formed when some or all of the (1)_______ ions in an (2)_________ have been replaced by metal or (3)_________ions

A
  1. H+
  2. acid
  3. NH4-
41
Q

the main methods of preparing salts are:

A

reaction with acids

direct combination

precipitation reactions

42
Q

when preparing a soluble salt these two general methods are used:

A
  • reaction with acids
  • direct combination
43
Q

when acids are used to prepare salts these are the possible reactions:

A

acid + alkali - titration

acid + reactive metal

acid + insoluble base

acid + insoluble carbonate

44
Q

an insoluble salt is produced by :

A

ionic precipitation

45
Q

_____________ is the method of preparing salts of Na, K, or NH4-

46
Q

when producing an anhydrous soluble chloride this method is used

A

direct combination

47
Q

salt preparation by direct combination is a reaction between (1)___________ and a (2) ____________

A
  1. chlorine gas
  2. reactive metal
48
Q

This salt is a component of baking soda and is used to make cakes

49
Q

what is the formula for baking soda and what kind of salt is it?

A

NaHCO3

it is an acid salt

50
Q

these salts are used as a preservative

A

sodium benzoate

NaCl

NaNO2

NaNO3

51
Q

NaCl is used for

A

flavouring and food preservative

52
Q

used to preserve meats such as bacon and ham by destroying bacteria. Also adds flavour and colour. Often used with NaCl

A

Sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate

53
Q

a use of CaCO3 is:

A

to manufacture cement

54
Q

another name for CaCO3

55
Q

Uses of Calcium sulphate

A

to manufacture plaster of Paris used a building material. Also for setting broken ones

56
Q

another name for calcium sulphate

57
Q

Magnesium sulphate is also known as (1)____________ and is used in (2)_______________, where it is used to relieve pain, inflammation. also used as laxative. Also used in (3)____________ where it improves plant growth

A
  1. epsom salt
  2. medicine
  3. agriculture
58
Q

this salt can lead to hypertension if consumed in excess

59
Q

this salt may increase the risk of cancer and increase asthma in children

A

Sodium Benzoate

60
Q

Formula for sodium benzoate

61
Q

dangers of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate

A
  • increased risk of cancer
  • may cause brain damage in infants
62
Q

what is a neutralization reaction?

A

reaction between acid and base to form salt and water

63
Q

The (1)_________ or (2) _____________ of a neutralization reaction is when all of the OH- and H+ ions have been used up

A
  1. neutralization point
  2. end point
64
Q

The neutralization point or end point of a neutralization reaction is when all of the (1) ___________ and (2)___________ ions have been used up and the final solution has a pH of (3)___________

65
Q

2 ways of determining the end point of a neutralization reaction

A
  1. using an indicator
  2. using temperature change
66
Q

key point to remember when determining the concentration of an aqueous alkali solution:

A

react it with a known amount of standard aqueous acid solution

67
Q

key point to remember when determining the concentration of an aqueous acid solution:

A

react it with a known amount of standard alkali solution

68
Q

how to use titration to calculate the concentration of an alkali (steps)

A
  1. obtain a known volume of standard acid solution and place it in a conical flask
  2. determin the volume of alkali needed to neutralize the acid
  3. calculate the number of moles of acid in the standard acid solution
  4. balance the acid- base equation to determin the mole ratio of the acid and alkali
  5. use the mole ratio to determine the number of moles of the alkali that was neutralised
  6. now use the volume and number of moles of alkali used in the titration to work out its molar concentration.
69
Q

definition of molar concentration

A

number of moles in 1dm3 of a solution

70
Q

1dm3 is the same as (1)_____________ or (2)_____________

A
  1. 1000cm3
  2. 1L
71
Q

water of chrystalization is defined as __________

A

a fixed proportion of water molecules held in the crystal lattice of a salt

CSEC CHEMISTRY (17 decks)

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