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Chemistry > C1 - 7 part 1 > Flashcards

C1 - 7 part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many types of atoms are there in an element?

A

1

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2
Q

How many atoms are in a compound?

A

More than one and they are chemically bonded together

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3
Q

Around how many elements are in the periodic table?

A

100

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4
Q

Where do the protons and neutrons exist?

A

In the dense core at the centre of the atom, the nucleus

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5
Q

What are the layers called that the elements orbit around the nucleus?

A

The shells

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6
Q

What is the mass and charge of a proton?

A

M = 1 , C = +1

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7
Q

What is the mass and charge of a neutron?

A

M = 1 , C = 0

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8
Q

What is the mass and charge of a electron?

A

M = almost 0 , C = -1

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9
Q

What does the mass number represent?

A

The number of protons and neutrons

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10
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons

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11
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons of an element?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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12
Q

What is the electron arrangement written as?

A

2 , 8 , 8

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13
Q

What are the columns called in the periodic table?

A

Groups

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14
Q

What do elements in the same group have in common?

A

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

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15
Q

What is the name given to group 0?

A

The noble gases

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16
Q

What is the reactivity of group 0 elements?

A

Their outer shells are full so they are unreactive and don’t form bonds

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17
Q

What is the name given to group 1 elements?

A

Alkali metals

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18
Q

What is the name given to group 7 elements?

A

Halogens

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19
Q

Going horizontally on a periodic table what is the name given to that type of row?

A

Periods

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20
Q

What is the group number?

A

Number of electrons in the outer shell

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21
Q

What is the period number?

A

The number of shells of electrons

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22
Q

What happens when an element gains electrons?

A

It becomes negative

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23
Q

What happens when an element loses electrons?

A

It becomes positive

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24
Q

What do isotopes have the same number of and different number of?

A

They have the same number of PROTONS and different number of NEUTRONS

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25
Q

What is the name for something when they have different atomic forms of the same element?

A

An isotope

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26
Q

What happens if you change the number of protons?

A

You get a different element

27
Q

What happens if you change the number of neutrons?

A

You get the same element but a different isotope

28
Q

What happens if you change the number of electrons?

A

It is the same element but a different ion

29
Q

Define pure?

A

When there is only one type of substance

30
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances that are not chemically bonded

31
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more substances that ARE chemically bonded

32
Q

What is an element?

A

Only one type of atom

33
Q

Which side of an equation are the reactants and products?

A

Reactants are on the left and the products are on the right

34
Q

As you go down group 1 what happens to the reactivity?

A

It goes from lowest to highest

35
Q

As you go down group 1 what happens to the atomic radius?

A

It goes from smallest to largest

36
Q

As you go down group 1 what happens to the melting/boiling point?

A

It goes from highest to lowest

37
Q

As you go down group 1 what happens to the hardness?

A

It goes from highest to lowest

38
Q

Going down group 7 what happens to the reactivity?

A

It decreases

39
Q

Going down group 7 what happens to the boiling point?

A

It increases

40
Q

What happens during ionic bonding?

A

It transfers electrons when atoms gain electrons to form charged particles called ions

41
Q

What type of structure does an ionic compound have?

A

A lattice structure

42
Q

What type of arrangement does an ionic compound have?

A

A regular arrangement

43
Q

Does an ionic compound have a high or low boiling point?

A

High

44
Q

What do ionic compounds conduct at what state?

A

Electricity when molten or dissolved

45
Q

What groups are most likely to form ions?

A

Groups 1 , 2 , 6 and 7

46
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

When atoms share electrons

47
Q

What are the 2 types of covalent structures, and what are their properties?

A

1 - Simple molecular =
Strong bonds, weak forces of attraction, low melting and boiling points and they don’t conduct electricity.
2 - Giant covalent structure =
Strong bonds and high boiling/melting points, they don’t conduct electricity, e.g. graphite and diamond

48
Q

What id diamond a form of?

A

Carbon

49
Q

How is diamond bonded together and what structure has It got?

A

Diamond is covalently bonded together and each carbon atom is joined to 4 other carbon atoms making a giant covalent structure

50
Q

Is diamond soluble or insoluble in water, and what does diamond look like??

A

It is insoluble and it is shiny

51
Q

Can diamond conduct electricity, why?`

A

No, because there are no free-moving delocalised electrons or ions

52
Q

Why is a lot of energy needed to break the carbon atoms in diamond?

A

As there is strong covalent bonds, so this makes the boiling/melting point very high

53
Q

What type of network is diamond?

A

A ‘covalent network’

54
Q

What is another giant covalent (begins with G)?

A

Graphite

55
Q

What does graphite consist many layers of?

A

Hexagons

56
Q

In graphite what is each layer joined by and to how many?

A

They are joined by strong covalent bonds to ONLY 3 other atoms

57
Q

What are the bonds like between each layer?

A

There are no covalent bonds but weak ones between the layers so they can slide over one another

58
Q

In graphite what is the 4th electron for?

A

It is delocalised between the layers

59
Q

Can graphite conduct electricity?

A

Yes

60
Q

What is another giant covalent bond (begins with S)?

A

Silicon dioxide

61
Q

In silicon dioxide what is each silicon atom joined to?

A

4 oxygen atoms and each is bonded to 2 silicon atoms

62
Q

What can silicon dioxide be used for and where can it be found?

A

For lining furnaces and is mainly found on a beach

63
Q

Does silicon dioxide conduct electricity?

A

No

Chemistry (5 decks)

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