C1

Question 1

What are the main gases found in the air?

Answer 1

Nitrogen, Oxygen , Carbon dioxide and Argon.

Question 2

What is air?

Answer 2

A mixture of gaseous elements and compounds with large spaces between molecules

Question 3

What are the proportions of the main gases?

Answer 3

nitrogen 78%,oxygen 21%, argon 1%, carbon dioxide 0.04%

Question 4

Name two other ways in which gases or particulates might be released into the atmosphere ?

Answer 4

1. Natural process ie volcanic activity

2. Human activity

Question 5

How was Earth’s early atmosphere formed?

Answer 5

Volcanic activity

Question 6

What did the Earth’s early atmospheres consist of?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 7

How did the Earth’s oceans form?

Answer 7

When the Earthy cooled, water vapour condensed to form oceans

Question 8

How did the evolution of photosynthesising organisms change the atmosphere?

Answer 8

They added oxygen and removed carbon dioxide

Question 9

Name two ways in which carbon dioxide was removed from the atmosphere APART from photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Dissolved in oceans, and formed sedimentary rock and the formation of fossil fuels

Question 10

Which five pollutants have humans added to the atmosphere?

Answer 10

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Nitrogen oxides
3. Sulphur dioxide
4. Carbon dioxide
5. Carbon particulates

Question 11

How is carbon monoxide directly harmful to human health?

Answer 11

It reduces the amount of oxygen blood can carry

Question 12

How might sulphur dioxide harm the environment and indirectly cause harm to humans?

Answer 12

It reacts with water to form acid rain, damaging plants and crops

Question 13

What is coal mainly made from?

Answer 13

Carbon

Question 14

What are petrol, diesel fuel, and fuel oil mainly made from?

Answer 14

Hydrocarbons (hydrogen and carbon)

Question 15

If a fuel is burnt in plenty of oxygen , which two products are made.

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

What happens when you burn butane in oxygen?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide and water is formed

Question 17

What is an oxidation reaction?

Answer 17

One in which oxygen is gained

Question 18

What is a reduction reaction?

Answer 18

One in which oxygen in lost

Question 19

Why do fuel burn more rapidly in pure oxygen compared to air?

Answer 19

There are more oxygen molecules available to react with

Question 20

Oxy-fuel welding torches need high levels of oxygen to work; from where can this oxygen be obtained?

Answer 20

The atmosphere

Question 21

What is meant by the term conservation of mass?

Answer 21

The numbers of atoms at the start of a reaction is the same as the number of atoms in the products

Question 22

If a fuel that contains sulphur is burnt, what gas is released ?

Answer 22

Sulphur dioxide

Question 23

How are carbon dioxide and sulphur released into the atmosphere by human activity ?

Answer 23

Burning fossil fuels in power stations

Question 24

How might carbon monoxide and and particulate carbon be released into the atmosphere by human activity?

Answer 24

Incomplete combustion in burning fossil fuels in power stations

Question 25

How might nitrogen oxides be released into the atmosphere by human activity?

Answer 25

From the reactions between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures inside engines

Question 26

What can nitrogen monoxide be oxidised into?

Answer 26

Nitrogen dioxide

Question 27

How can carbon particulates affect?

Answer 27

They settle and make them dirty

Question 28

How do sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide get removed from the atmosphere in a way that harms the environment?

Answer 28

They react with water and oxygen to produce acid rain

Question 29

How do plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Answer 29

They photosynthesise

Question 30

How is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere by rain and sea water?

Answer 30

It dissolves in them

Question 31

Explain three ways in which atmospheric pollution caused by fossil fuels can be reduced?

Answer 31

1. Using less electricity 2. Removing sulphur from fuels 3. Removing sulphur dioxide and particulates from flue gases

Question 32

Explain two ways in which acidic gas sulphur dioxide can be removed from flue gases?

Answer 32

1. Wet scrubbing using alkaline slurry | 2. Dissolving in sea waters

Question 33

What is the only way of producing less carbon dioxide?

Answer 33

Burn less fossil fuels

Question 34

How does a catalytic converter help to reduce pollution?

Answer 34

It reduces nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen by loss of oxygen and oxidises carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide by gain of oxygen

Question 35

How are legal limits of exhaust emission checked in cars?

Answer 35

MOT tests

Question 36

how can amounts of sulphur dioxide being produced by burning fuels be reduced?

Answer 36

Use low-sulphur fuels

Question 37

What are the benefits and problems of using electric cars?

Answer 37

Benefits: Do not produce waste gases when used Problems: 1.Short range before needing to be recharged 2.recharging takes a long time 3. Often comes from power stations that burn fossil fuels

Question 38

What are the benefits and problems of using bio fuel to run cars?

Answer 38

Benefits: Renewable, plants are carbon neutral Problems: Still releases carbon dioxide when burnt, more land needed to grow sufficient amount of plants to use for fuel