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Vascular 1 > C1&2: Anatomy & Venous Circulatory System > Flashcards

C1&2: Anatomy & Venous Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the majority of the body’s blood volume located?

A

In the veins (~2/3 of blood)

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2
Q

Describe the relationship between pressure and volume in arteries and veins.

A

Arteries are high pressure and low volume

Veins are low pressure and high volume

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3
Q

Which vessels control resistance to blood flow and pressure in the arterial tree?

A

Arterioles and precapillary sphincters (there also referred to as resistance vessels)

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4
Q

How should at BP in the ankle compare to a BP in the arm?

A

They should be the same, or the ankle should be a bit higher…. this shows that arterioles control blood flow

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5
Q

Where are lymph capillaries found and what are their function?

A

They’re found in capillary beds with blood capillaries.

They function to absorb excessive fluid in tissue which will eventually be returned to venous blood

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6
Q

What are capacitance vessels?

A

Veins

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7
Q

Describe venules

A

They’re tributaries of veins that collect blood from capillary beds

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8
Q

What are vena combatants?

A

Paired veins the often accompany arteries

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9
Q

What causes vein valves to close?

A

The reversal of blood

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10
Q

Where are valves found in veins?

A

Where a tributary joins a larger vein and at varying intervals along main veins (mostly at the widest section of a vein)

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11
Q

Where are the greatest number of valves found?

A

The number of valves increases as you move further away from the heart

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12
Q

Which layer of the veins form the valves?

A

Tunica intima

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13
Q

What is the tunica intima composed of?

A

A single layer of endothelial cells and some elastic cells

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14
Q

What is the tunica media composed of?

A

Smooth muscles cells, collagen fibers and elastic fibers

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15
Q

What is the tunica adventitia composed of?

A

Fibrous layers made of elastic tissue

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16
Q

What is a vasa vasorum and where is it found?

A

A network of tiny vessels that supply the walls of larger veins and arteries with O2 and nutrients.

Found in the tunica adventitia

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17
Q

Valves in veins usually have how many cusps?

A

Bicuspid

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18
Q

At what level do the internal and external iliacs join to form the common iliac veins?

A

The level of the sacroiliac joint

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19
Q

The internal and external iliac veins drain which structures?

A

IIV drains the pelvis organs and muscles

EIV drains the leg

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20
Q

At what point does the CIV become the CFV?

A

The level of the inguinal ligament

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21
Q

The CFV is located where in relation to the CFA?

A

Medial and posterior

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22
Q

Which landmark can you look for to know you’re at the level of the CFV?

A

The femoral head

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23
Q

Which two veins combine to form the CFV?

A

The deep femoral vein/profunda and the femoral vein/superficial femoral vein

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24
Q

What is bifid and how common is it with the femoral vein?

A

The duplication of a vein, found in 25% of the population for the FV

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25
Q

When we reach the distal portion of the FV, how is it coursing in the leg?

A

Coursing very deeply as it passes through the adductor canal/hiatus

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26
Q

What is another word for the adductor canal?

A

Hunters canal

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27
Q

What is one way to distinguish FV distal from Pop vein?

A

FV distal, the vein and artery will be coursing side by side

Pop V, the vein will be more superficial to the artery

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28
Q

Is the gastrocnemius/sural vein single or pairs? And what vessel does it empty into?

A

It is paired

Emptied into the Pop vein

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29
Q

The Pop vein in formed by the confluence of which veins?

A

Anterior tibial veins (2)
And
Tibioperoneal trunk

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30
Q

Where do the anterior tibial veins originate? And how do they course in the body?

A

Pedal vein in the foot

They course between the tibia and the fibula to join the tibioperoneal trunk

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31
Q

Which veins combine to form the tibioperoneal trunk?

A

The posterior tibial veins and the peroneal veins

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32
Q

Where do the posterior tibial veins originate and how to they course in the calf?

A

Originate from the confluence of the medial and lateral planter veins and travel up the medial aspect of the calf
(Think that tibia in more medial and fibula)

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33
Q

Where do the peroneal veins original and how do they course in the leg?

A

Originate from the foot and travel up the lateral aspect of the calf (posterior to the fibula)

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34
Q

Do we ever assess the anterior tibial veins?

A

No

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35
Q

What are the soleal sinuses?

What frequent pathology is found here?

A

Thick walled venous reservoirs in the soleal muscle.

Frequent site of thrombosis

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36
Q

The soleal sinuses empty into which vessel?

A

The PTV and the peroneal veins

37
Q

What is the most important function of the soleal sinuses?

A

They divert blood into deep veins

38
Q

What are some distinguishing feature of superficial veins?

A

They are superficial to muscle and they do not have a corresponding artery

39
Q

What’s ones main function of superficial veins?

A

Help regulate body temp

40
Q

What are perforator?

A

Veins the connect deep and superficial veins

41
Q

Does the GSV join the CFV superior or inferior to the inguinal ligament?

A

Inferior

42
Q

Where does the GSV originate?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus

43
Q

Is the GSV connected in any other way to the deep venous system? (Other than with the CFV)

A

Yes, through perforating veins

44
Q

Which vein does the SSV empty into and where specifically along that vein?

A

Empties into the posterior aspect of the Pop vein above the popliteal fossa

45
Q

How does the SSV course in the calf?

A

Along the posterior calf between the gastroc muscle and lateral and posterior to the lateral malleolus

46
Q

Does the SSV connect to the GSV?

A

Yes

47
Q

If a vein is more than 2 times the size of the artery and doesn’t change with respiration, then likely pathology is….?

A

Thrombus

48
Q

What are the four key assessments when performing nervous Doppler?

A

1) spontaneous flow
(vein signals should be seen/heard without any compressions… indicated patency)

2) phasicity
(Signals vary with breathing)

3) augmentation
(Singalong increases with distal compression)

4) non pulsitility

49
Q

If we get an augmented signal with proximal compression, what does this indicate?

A

Valvular incompetence because the valves aren’t closing properly, allowing blood to flow backwards

50
Q

When might a vein show pulsatility?

A

If it is a larger vein near the heart
OR
if the individual is very hydrated, pulsatility may occur in the LE veins

51
Q

SVC if formed by the junction of which veins?

A

The brachiocephalic or innominate veins

52
Q

The innominate veins are formed by the junction of which veins?

A

The internal jugular vein and subclavian veins

53
Q

What areas do the EJV drain?

A

The superficial areas of the scalp and face

54
Q

What do the vertebral arteries drain?

A

The vertebrae, spinal cord and neck muscles

55
Q

what do the IJV drain?

A

Most of the blood from the brain and deep areas of the face and neck

56
Q

What are the dural sinuses?

A

Large chambers found between the dura mater layers that collect blood from the brain and drain it into the IJV

57
Q

What are the major dural sinuses?

A

Superior and Inferior Sagittal sinuses, straight, trans, cavernous, signed and petrosal sinuses

58
Q

What segments of the liver does the MHV drain?

A

The anterior segment of the R lobe, the medial segment of the L lobe and the caudate lobe

59
Q

Is the portal venous system separate from venous circulation?

A

Yes

60
Q

What is the approximate length and diameter of the MPV?

A

Length: 5.5-8cm
Diameter: 1-1.1cm

61
Q

Does the MPV run anterior or posterior to the first part of the duodenum?

A

posterior

62
Q

Which 2 veins drain into the MPV and which 1 vein drains into the LPV?

A

Draining into MPV: L and R Gastric veins

Draining into LPV: Paraumbilical vein

63
Q

The SMV originates from where and from which veins?

A

The root of the mesentery and from the middle colic, right colic and ileocolic veins

64
Q

How does the SMV course compared to the third part of the duodenum?

A

Anteriorly

65
Q

Which 2 veins empty into the SV?

A

The left gastroepiploic vein and the short gastric veins

66
Q

Where does the IMV originate?

A

The anal canal

67
Q

Which veins are the primary route of drainage for the upper extremities?

A

The superficial venous system

68
Q

The axillary vein is formed by which 2 veins?

A

The brachial veins (2) and the basilic vein

69
Q

Where to the ulnar veins course in the arm? Where do the radial veins course?

A

Ulnar: medially
Radial: Laterally

70
Q

Which 2 veins form the subclavian vein?

A

The cephalic and axillary

71
Q

Where does the cephalic empty into the axillary to become the subclavian vein?

A

media to the humeral head

72
Q

How does the cephalic vein course in the arm?

A

Up the lateral aspect

73
Q

Which muscles does the cephalic vein course through?

A

Between the deltoid and pectoralis muscle

74
Q

The medial cubital vein is a branch of what vein

A

The cephalic

75
Q

The cephalic vein forms which veins in the hand? The basilica vein forms which veins in the hand?

A

C: The lateral Dorsal arch of the hand
L: the medial dorsal arch of the hand

76
Q

What are the 3 main perforating veins and where are they located?

A

1) Dodd’s - located in medial thigh
2) Boyd’s - located in medial calf
3) Cockett’s - Located in the medial lower 1/3 of the calf

77
Q

From which organs does the portal venous system gather blood?

A

The bowel and the spleen

78
Q

Do the soleal sinuses contain values?

A

No

79
Q

Which vein empties more superiorly into the popliteal vein? The gastroc, or the SSV?

A

SSV

80
Q

The medial cubital vein connects which two veins in the arm?

A

The cephalic and basilic veins

81
Q

What vessels are referred to as exchange vessels

A

Capillaries

82
Q

What’s the avg total blood volume of an adult?

What’s the most common blood cells in blood?

A

5L

RBCs

83
Q

What are the 2 tributaries of the subclavian veins?

A

Vertebral veins

EJVs

84
Q

Which veins are the largest veins in the neck and head

A

IJV

85
Q

What is the longest vein in the body

A

GSV

86
Q

Which veins in the upper extremities are paired

A

Brachial
Ulnar
Radial

87
Q

What % of the population has a duplicated femoral or popliteal vein

A

25%

88
Q

What is a popliteal fossa variant

A

High confluence of the ATV

Vascular 1 (5 decks)

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