C1 Flashcards
What is the definition of an atom?
The smallest particle of an element
What is the definition of a molecule?
Two or more atoms CHEMICALLY BONDED together
What is the definition of an element?
A substance made up of only one type of atom
What is the definition of a compound?
A substance made from TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS that are CHEMICALLY BONDED TOGETHER
What is the definition of mixture?
TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES mixed together, but they DO NOT REACT. A mixture is not a PURE SUBSTANCE.
What is an isotope?
Atoms that are the same element but have a different number of NEUTRONS, but the same number of PROTONS
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Mass is NEVER GAINED OR LOST IN A CHEMICAL REACTION
What did filtration do?
It uses a filter to separate an INSOLUBLE solid from a liquid
How does crystallisation work?
The liquid (SOLVENT) evaporates away and so the soluble, solid crystals (SOLUTE) is left behind
How does simple distillation work?
It separates a LIQUID FROM A SOLUTION. The solution’s heated and then evaporates. After, it’s condensed for collection.
How does fractional distillation work?
It separates multiple liquids from a solution based on their boiling points
What is chromatography?
It is separating soluble substances from one another
What is the mass of a proton, neutron and electron?
Proton= mass of 1
Neutron= mass of 1
Electron= mass of almost 0
What is a solvent, solution and solute?
A solution is made when a substance dissolves into a liquid. The liquid is the solvent and the substance that’s been dissolved is the solute.
E.g. salt being dissolved in water. The salt is the solute, the water is the solvent and the salty water made as a result is the solution
What was the order of the history of the atom and what were the dates?
1.) John Dalton in 1804
2.) J.J Thompson in 1897
3.) Earnest Rutherford in 1909
4.) Niels Bohr in 1914
5.) James Chadwick in 1932
What did John Dalton do?
He said all matter was made of atoms and that they cannot be created or destroyed. Each element has a different type of atom, and that all the atoms in the same element are identical
What did J.J Thompson discover?
PLUM PUDDING MODEL- it’s a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons spread through it
What did Earnest Rutherford do and what did it mean?
FIRED ALPHA PARTICLES (which are positively charged) AT A PIECE OF THIN GOLD FOIL. Most of the particles went through the foil, some were absorbed and some bounced back. This meant that most the atom was empty space, but the particles which bounced back meant there was a small, positively charged nucleus in the atom.
What did Niels Bohr do?
He adapted the nuclear model. This meant the electrons orbited the nucleus at specific distances. He also found electron shells, where the electrons would orbit the nucleus.
What did James Chadwick do?
Provided evidence of the neutrons within the nucleus
Put in order in terms of discovery- Proton, Neutron, Electron, Nucleus
Electron
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
What is the radius of an atom?
1*10(to the power of)-10
What is a cation and anion and isotope?
Cation= positive ion
Anion= negative ion
Isotopes= same number of protons, different number of neutrons
What is an ion?
An atom which has gained or lost an electron
